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I have hay fever. How can I tell what I’m allergic to?

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ryan-mead-hunter-1480189">Ryan Mead-Hunter</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/curtin-university-873">Curtin University</a> When we think of spring we think of warming weather, birdsong and flowers. But for many people, this also means the return of their seasonal hay fever symptoms. Around <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/health-conditions-prevalence/latest-release">24% of Australians</a> get hay fever, with sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, and itchy or watery eyes the most common symptoms. In <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hay-fever#:%7E:text=Key%20facts,dust%20mites%2C%20and%20animal%20fur">severe cases</a>, this may impact sleep and concentration, or be linked to increased frequency of sinus infections. The exact timing of the symptoms depends on your exposure to an allergen – the thing you’re allergic to. Those impacted by tree pollen (from plane trees or cypress pine, for example) may experience symptoms at different times of the year than those impacted by grass pollen (such as rye grass). This will also vary around the country. In Perth, for example, tree pollen (cypress pine) is generally present in August to October, while grass pollen counts tend to be highest in October to November. Other cities and regions may have longer pollen seasons, which may extend further into summer. <h2>Remind me, how does hay fever impact the body?</h2> What we know colloquially as hay fever is called allergic rhinitis. Exposure to a specific allergen (or allergens) triggers an immune response in the body. This leads to inflammation and swelling of the tissue lining the nasal passages in the nose. A range of <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hay-fever#:%7E:text=Key%20facts,dust%20mites%2C%20and%20animal%20fur.">allergens</a> may trigger such a response: pollen (from trees, grass or weeds), dust mites, pet fur, dander, mould and some air pollutants. Those with allergies that are only present for part of the year, such as pollen, experience what we call seasonal hay fever, while those with allergies that may be present at any time, such as dust mites and pet dander, experience perennial hay fever. <h2>Getting a diagnosis</h2> Many people with hay fever self-manage their symptoms by limiting exposure to allergens and using over-the-counter <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-do-hay-fever-treatments-actually-work-and-whats-best-for-my-symptoms-213071">antihistamines and steroid nasal sprays</a>. But this may require assistance from your GP and confirmation that what you’re experiencing is hay fever. Your GP can assess your symptoms and medical history, provide a diagnosis, and help with treating and managing your symptoms. Your GP may also be able help you identify potential allergens, based on when you experience symptoms and the environments to which you’re exposed. If symptoms persist, your GP may suggest allergy testing. They may refer you to a specialist called an immunologist, to determine what particular allergen is causing your symptoms, using <a href="https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/allergy-testing/allergy-testing">skin prick tests or blood tests</a>. Tests typically involve controlled exposure to small quantities of suspected allergens. But note, there are a number of tests marketed online that are unproven and not recommended by reputable bodies. <h2>How else can I work out what I’m allergic to?</h2> For those with seasonal hay fever, resources are available to help manage exposures, based on the flowering seasons for common allergy-related species or through pollen forecasting services. The Australian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy provides a <a href="https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever-and-sinusitis/guide-to-common-allergenic-pollen">useful pollen guide</a> for each species and when they’re most likely to cause symptoms, broken down for each state and territory. Pollen monitoring and forecasting services – such as <a href="https://www.perthpollen.com.au/">Perth Pollen</a>, <a href="https://www.melbournepollen.com.au/">Melbourne Pollen</a> and <a href="https://www.sydneypollen.com.au/">Sydney Pollen</a>, as well as for other cities – can help you plan outdoor activities. There are also associated phone apps for these services, which can give notifications when the pollen count is high. You can down load these apps (such as <a href="https://airrater.org/">AirRater</a>, Perth Pollen, Melbourne Pollen and Sydney Pollen) from your preferred app store. Apps such as <a href="https://airrater.org/">AirRater</a> also allow you to enter information about your symptoms, which can then be matched to the environmental conditions at the time (pollen count, temperature, smoke, and so on). Using statistical modelling, the app may be able to establish a link between symptoms and exposure. If a sufficiently high correlation is established, the app can send you notifications when the <a href="https://airrater.org/how-does-it-work/">exposure risk</a> is high. This may prompt you to limit outdoor activities and have any medication readily available. <hr /> Further information about managing allergic rhinitis is available from <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hay-fever">healthdirect</a> and <a href="https://allergyfacts.org.au/__interest/allergic-rhinitis/">Allergy and Anaphylaxis Australia</a> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ryan-mead-hunter-1480189">Ryan Mead-Hunter</a>, Senior lecturer, School of Population Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/curtin-university-873">Curtin University</a> Image credits: Shutterstock This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/i-have-hay-fever-how-can-i-tell-what-im-allergic-to-240450">original article</a>.

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"Not one ounce of compassion”: BBC star kicked off plane over daughter's allergy

A BBC weather presenter and her family have been kicked off a plane after asking passengers to be wary of her daughter's peanut allergy. British weather presenter Georgie Palmer was flying from London to Turkey with her husband Matt and their daughters Annie and Rosie, as the family boarded their flight at Gatwick Airport with SunExpress airlines. Georgie and her family were kicked off the plane shortly after boarding, after the 49-year-old mother ran into issues around her daughter's severe allergy to peanuts. According to Palmer, she has requested that the captain make an announcement to all passengers asking them not to eat any peanut products on the flight, but the pilot refused. Palmer then took matters into her own hands and one by one asked passengers not to consume peanuts on the four-hour flight, before being asked to disembark the aircraft. The weather presenter took to Instagram to share her side of the story with a lengthy post. She began, “I thanked the beautiful souls on our plane for helping us. Many of them hugged, cheered and held our hands as we were forced to disembark." “The SunExpress captain and cabin crew refused to make the standard announcement on behalf of our daughter. We gently asked the passengers at the front of the plane to share our request." “Row by row, all the passengers turned back to kindly ask the row behind to please not eat nuts on the flight. It was calm, earnest and with an overwhelming sense of solidarity and empathy.” Georgie added: “There’s no beef with simple asks like these. People get it!" “We were hoofed off the plane after the angry little captain shouted at us from the cockpit.” She concluded by saying they were discriminated against for “simply having an allergy”. Georgie told the <a title="www.dailymail.co.uk" href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13457399/bbc-weather-presenter-Georgie-Palmer-flight-nuts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Daily Mail,</a> “The captain decided because of my daughter’s allergy he didn’t want to fly with her on board." “When he found out I had spoken to the other passengers he was screaming at me from the cockpit. He was so angry, the next thing I knew we were told to get off the plane." “How we were treated was disgusting – nobody working on that plane showed one ounce of compassion.” A SunExpress spokesman then shared the airline's version of events, claiming that Georgie's husband had become aggressive, and kicked the family off the plane with their best interests at heart. The statement said, “We take the safety of our passengers very seriously. Shortly after boarding our flight, the passenger raised a concern about one of his family group having a serious peanut allergy." “They requested an announcement to other passengers. We refrain from making these kinds of announcements. Like many other airlines, we cannot guarantee an allergen-free environment on our flights, nor can we prevent other passengers from bringing food items containing allergens on board." “Due to the insistent behaviour of the passenger to others on board, the captain decided it would be safest if the family did not travel." “When this was explained to the passenger, he behaved aggressively towards our crew members and tried to gain access to the cockpit. To ensure the safety of our crew and our passengers on board, we cannot tolerate aggressive and unruly behaviour on our flights." “Our website states that passengers must notify us 48 hours in advance of any special care required due to a medical condition. No such notification was received from the passengers in this instance.” According to <a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/tv/28140666/bbc-family-flight-passengers-peanuts-allergy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Sun</a>, Mr Sollom denies acting aggressively. The differing versions of events have divided many on social media as thousands weighed in on the debacle, with plenty of users siding with the pilot. “The pilot is a national treasure,” one person wrote. “As they should have been,” a second wrote, referring to the family getting kicked off. “Would have booted them off as well,” another agreed. A fourth wrote: “I think this story would be found under Self Entitlement in the dictionary.” Image credits: Instagram

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Yes, adults can develop food allergies. Here are 4 types you need to know about

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clare-collins-7316">Clare Collins</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a> If you didn’t have food allergies as a child, is it possible to develop them as an adult? The short answer is yes. But the reasons why are much more complicated. Preschoolers are about <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25316115/">four times more likely to have a food allergy</a> than adults and are more likely to grow out of it as they get older. It’s hard to get accurate figures on adult food allergy prevalence. The Australian National Allergy Council reports <a href="https://nationalallergycouncil.org.au/about-us/our-strategy">one in 50 adults</a> have food allergies. But a US survey suggested as many as <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646188/">one in ten adults</a> were allergic to at least one food, with some developing allergies in adulthood. <h2>What is a food allergy</h2> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36509408/">Food allergies</a> are immune reactions involving <a href="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/allergy,-asthma-immunology-glossary/immunoglobulin-e-(ige)-defined">immunoglobulin E (IgE)</a> – an antibody that’s central to triggering allergic responses. These are known as “IgE-mediated food allergies”. Food allergy symptoms that are not mediated by IgE are usually delayed reactions and called <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25316115/">food intolerances or hypersensitivity</a>. Food allergy symptoms can include hives, swelling, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, throat or chest tightening, trouble breathing, chest pain, rapid heart rate, dizziness, low blood pressure or <a href="https://www.allergy.org.au/hp/papers/acute-management-of-anaphylaxis-guidelines?highlight=WyJhbmFwaHlsYXhpcyJd">anaphylaxis</a>. IgE-mediated food allergies can be life threatening, so all adults need an <a href="https://allergyfacts.org.au/allergy-management/newly-diagnosed/action-plan-essentials">action management plan</a> developed in consultation with their medical team. Here are four IgE-mediated food allergies that can occur in adults – from relatively common ones to rare allergies you’ve probably never heard of. <h2>1. Single food allergies</h2> The most <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646188/">common IgE-mediated food allergies</a> in adults in a US survey were to: <ul> <li>shellfish (2.9%)</li> <li>cow’s milk (1.9%)</li> <li>peanut (1.8%)</li> <li>tree nuts (1.2%)</li> <li>fin fish (0.9%) like barramundi, snapper, salmon, cod and perch.</li> </ul> In these adults, about 45% reported reacting to multiple foods. This compares to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25316115/">most common childhood food allergies</a>: cow’s milk, egg, peanut and soy. Overall, adult food allergy prevalence appears to be increasing. Compared to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14657884/">older surveys published in 2003</a> and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15241360/">2004</a>, peanut allergy prevalence has increased about three-fold (from 0.6%), while tree nuts and fin fish roughly doubled (from 0.5% each), with shellfish similar (2.5%). While new <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38214821/">adult-onset food allergies are increasing</a>, childhood-onset food allergies are also more likely to be retained into adulthood. Possible reasons for both <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38214821/">include</a> low vitamin D status, lack of immune system challenges due to being overly “clean”, heightened sensitisation due to allergen avoidance, and more frequent antibiotic use. <h2>2. Tick-meat allergy</h2> Tick-meat allergy, also called α-Gal syndrome or mammalian meat allergy, is an allergic reaction to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, or α-Gal for short. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33529984/">Australian immunologists first reported</a> links between α-Gal syndrome and tick bites in 2009, with cases also reported in the United States, Japan, Europe and South Africa. The <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38318181/">US Centers for Disease Control estimates</a> about 450,000 Americans <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7230a2.htm">could be affected</a>. The α-Gal contains a carbohydrate molecule that is bound to a <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38318181/">protein</a> molecule in <a href="https://alphagalinformation.org/what-is-a-mammal/">mammals</a>. The IgE-mediated allergy is triggered after repeated bites from ticks or <a href="https://www.insectshield.com/pages/chiggers">chigger mites</a> that have bitten those mammals. When tick saliva crosses into your body through the bite, antibodies to α-Gal are produced. When you subsequently eat foods that contain α-Gal, the allergy is triggered. These triggering foods include meat (lamb, beef, pork, rabbit, kangaroo), dairy products (yoghurt, cheese, ice-cream, cream), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin">animal-origin gelatin</a> added to gummy foods (jelly, lollies, marshmallow), prescription medications and over-the counter supplements containing gelatin (<a href="https://www.drugs.com/inactive/gelatin-57.html">some antibiotics, vitamins and other supplements</a>). Tick-meat allergy reactions can be hard to recognise because they’re usually delayed, and they can be severe and include anaphylaxis. Allergy <a href="https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/food-allergy/mammalian-meat-tick-faq">organisations produce management guidelines</a>, so always discuss management with your doctor. <h2>3. Fruit-pollen allergy</h2> Fruit-pollen allergy, called pollen food allergy syndrome, is an <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38002141/">IgE-mediated allergic reaction</a>. In susceptible adults, pollen in the air provokes the production of IgE antibodies to antigens in the pollen, but these antigens are similar to ones found in some fruits, vegetables and herbs. The problem is that <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38002141/">eating those plants</a> triggers an allergic reaction. The <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38002141/">most allergenic tree pollens</a> are from birch, cypress, Japanese cedar, <a href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/latex-allergy">latex</a>, grass, and ragweed. Their pollen can cross-react with <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38002141/">fruit and vegetables</a>, including kiwi, banana, mango, avocado, grapes, celery, carrot and potato, and some herbs such as caraway, coriander, fennel, pepper and paprika. Fruit-pollen allergy is not common. Prevalence <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38002141/">estimates are between 0.03% and 8%</a> depending on the country, but it can be life-threatening. Reactions range from itching or tingling of lips, mouth, tongue and throat, called <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20306812/">oral allergy syndrome</a>, to mild <a href="https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/urticaria-hives">hives</a>, to anaphylaxis. <h2>4. Food-dependent, exercise-induced food allergy</h2> During heavy exercise, the stomach produces less acid than usual and gut permeability increases, meaning that small molecules in your gut are more likely to escape across the membrane into your blood. These include food molecules that trigger an IgE reaction. If the person already has IgE antibodies to the foods eaten before exercise, then the risk of triggering food allergy reactions is increased. This allergy is called <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37893663/">food-dependent exercise-induced allergy</a>, with symptoms ranging from hives and swelling, to difficulty breathing and anaphylaxis. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30601082/">Common trigger foods include</a> wheat, seafood, meat, poultry, egg, milk, nuts, grapes, celery and other foods, which could have been eaten many hours before exercising. To complicate things even further, allergic <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33181008/">reactions can</a> occur at lower levels of trigger-food exposure, and be more severe if the person is simultaneously taking non-steroidal inflammatory medications like aspirin, drinking alcohol or is sleep-deprived. Food-dependent exercise-induced allergy is extremely rare. Surveys have estimated prevalence as between <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1555415517300259">one to 17 cases per 1,000 people worldwide</a> with the highest prevalence between the teenage years to age 35. Those affected often have other allergic conditions such as hay fever, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis and dermatitis. <h2>Allergies are a growing burden</h2> The <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36509408/">burden on physical health, psychological health</a> and health costs due to food allergy is increasing. In the US, this <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38393624/">financial burden was estimated as $24 billion per year</a>. Adult food allergy needs to be taken seriously and those with severe symptoms should wear a medical information bracelet or chain and carry an <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-use-an-adrenaline-autoinjector-epipen-anapen">adrenaline auto-injector pen</a>. Concerningly, surveys suggest only <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646188/">about one in four adults</a> with food allergy have an adrenaline pen. If you have an IgE-mediated food allergy, discuss your management plan with your doctor. You can also find more information at <a href="https://allergyfacts.org.au/">Allergy and Anaphylaxis Australia</a>.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/223342/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clare-collins-7316">Clare Collins</a>, Laureate Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a> Image credits: Getty Images This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/yes-adults-can-develop-food-allergies-here-are-4-types-you-need-to-know-about-223342">original article</a>.

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Top tips for happy and healthy eyes this Autumn

As the season changes, so do our healthcare needs as many people struggle with irritating allergies. With cooler temperatures, dry air and an increase in pollen often being synonymous with autumn and spring, for many people, leaving the house means having irritated eyes. Luckily, leading Ophthalmologist, Dr. Jacqueline Beltz has shared her essential tips for eye care during autumn with OverSixty, giving you the opportunity to enjoy the change of seasons without jeopardising your vision. 1. Keep your sunglasses handy While the sun is usually not as intense in autumn as it is during summer, Dr Beltz says that using sunglasses can benefit your eyes in many ways. “ Not only do they shield your eyes from harmful UV rays, but they also guard against wind and debris,” she said. 2. Increase your lubricant eye drops Dr Beltz said, “The drop in temperature and the dryer air can contribute to discomfort and dryness in your eyes, so consider increasing the use of lubricant eye drops to keep your eyes moist and comfortable.” By keeping up your eye drops in autumn, you can prevent further damage to your eyes in the long run. 3. Clean your eyelashes daily According to Dr Beltz, keeping up with good health and hygiene along the eyelid margins is essential, especially during the autumn months. “Cleanse your lashes daily and use a warm compress to optimise the quality of your tear film. This helps in preventing irritation and supports overall eye health.” 4. Consider a humidifier To ensure a more comfortable environment for your eyes, Dr Beltz recommends adding moisture to the air can help alleviate dry eyes. She said, “Combat the dry indoor air by using a humidifier in your room, especially while you sleep.” 5. Be proactive with allergies If you are prone to allergies, Dr Beltz said it's best to always be prepared ahead of time. “Autumn allergies are a reality, with triggers like pollen, mould, and dust prevalent during this season,” she said. “If you experience red, itchy, or swollen eyes, consider antihistamine eye drops. Keep your hands clean and avoid rubbing your eyes.” 6. Revitalise your eye makeup While replacing your eye makeup is important all year around, the addition of allergens makes it even more important to Change mascara and non-cleanable products like liquid eyeliner at least every three months. “Especially if you have sensitive eyes, makeup products can harbour bacteria, leading to increased eye irritation.” “Refreshing your eye makeup products to options that are designed to be better suited for dry eyes or eye sensitivity.” If you are <a href="https://oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/beauty-style/embracing-the-art-of-beauty-without-compromise">prone to sensitive eyes</a>, consider trying the OKKIYO <a href="https://www.okkiyo.com/products/protect-and-preserve-mascara#xd_co_f=NzdiNzdlNTctNTA1MS00NTBkLWE1MGEtNjRkMGE2OTI1N2Vj~">Prioriteyes Mascara</a>, which was developed by Dr Beltz to prioritise both style and eye health. While these tips for eye health can seem simple and seemingly unimportant, Dr Beltz assures that by following these tips, you will make a world of difference for your eye health overall. She said, “Implementing these simple tips can make a significant difference in keeping your eyes comfortable and vibrant throughout the season.” Image credits: Getty Images

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Do hypoallergenic cats even exist? 3 myths dispelled about cat allergies

Cats are great companions, but for some people their company comes at a cost. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674921000038?casa_token=8de37wAiw_0AAAAA:nwC8PN6RhwxD6qJZYGby_3s35dK00fLeiIKplQwvyi7iUSnI7Pcpp8v7CSfj6TB-YfEOU2pMbWQ">Up to 1 in 5 people</a> have an allergic response to cats, and this figure is increasing. There are many myths about allergies to cats, but what is fact and what is fiction? And can you still have a cat if you’re allergic? Myth #1: People are allergic to cat hair There is an element of truth to this myth. However, rather than the hair itself, substances on the hair are the source of the allergy. Most people allergic to cats react to a protein called Fel d 1. This main cat allergen is produced in the glands of the cat, including the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/sebaceous-gland">sebaceous</a> (oil-producing skin glands) and salivary glands. While Fel d1 is the main culprit, domestic cats have <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1098612X211013016">eight different potential allergens</a>. The second most common is Fel d 4, also produced in salivary glands. Another type, Fel d 2, is similar to a protein found in other animals, and the reason a person might be allergic, for example, to both cats and horses. This similarity can also result in a child with milk allergy having an increased risk of being allergic to animals like cats. When cats groom themselves, they deposit the allergen in their saliva onto their hair. Sebaceous glands are close to the skin and can secrete onto the hair follicles. When you pet a cat’s fur, a reaction is set off, especially if you then rub your nose or eyes. But you don’t need to pet a cat to have an allergic reaction to them. Simply being around dander can be enough. Dander might sound like a dating app for pets, but it’s actually more akin to animal dandruff, and contains tiny scales from hair or skin. As dander particles are so small, they float in the air and we often breathe them in. <figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491005/original/file-20221021-21-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491005/original/file-20221021-21-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491005/original/file-20221021-21-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491005/original/file-20221021-21-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491005/original/file-20221021-21-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491005/original/file-20221021-21-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491005/original/file-20221021-21-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="A grey cat licking its paw" /><figcaption>When cats groom themselves, the allergen is transferred from their saliva onto their fur. <a class="source" href="https://unsplash.com/photos/Hd7vwFzZpH0">Eric Han/Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure> Myth #2: There are hypoallergenic cats There is no evidence that specific cat breeds do not cause allergies. However, if some breeds have less hair, or shed less hair, this may reduce exposure to allergens in the environment. For example, Sphynx cats are hairless, although they <a href="https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tfg/2022/264236/TFG_amartinmore_poster.pdf">still produce Fel d 1</a>. In this way <a href="https://www.pumpkin.care/blog/hypoallergenic-cat-breeds/">some breeds might be considered “hypoallergenic”</a>, or cause fewer allergic reactions. However, there are no scientific studies to confirm this is the case. All cats produce Fel d 1, but the levels can differ by as much as <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/crispr.2021.0101">100-fold between individual cats</a>. This may explain why people with cat allergies notice they react more to some cats than others. <figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491006/original/file-20221021-24-dnas7u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491006/original/file-20221021-24-dnas7u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491006/original/file-20221021-24-dnas7u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491006/original/file-20221021-24-dnas7u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491006/original/file-20221021-24-dnas7u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491006/original/file-20221021-24-dnas7u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491006/original/file-20221021-24-dnas7u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="A sphynx cat sitting on a green blanket" /><figcaption>Sphynx cats have little to no hair, but they still produce allergens. Jesus Vivas Alacid/Shutterstock</figcaption></figure> Myth #3: You have to re-home your cat if you have an allergy If you have a life-threatening allergy to cats, your only alternative might be to find them a new home. However, most people have less severe reactions and can manage symptoms successfully. Some things you can do to limit reactions include: <ul> <li> always wash your hands and avoid touching your face and eyes after handling your cat </li> <li> regularly clean surfaces and change litter to reduce dander </li> <li> wash your cat weekly with a pet-specific shampoo, if <a href="https://www.drmartybecker.com/wp-content/cache/wp-rocket/drmartybecker.com/fear-free/10-low-stress-tips-for-bathing-and-grooming-a-cat/index-https.html_gzip">your cat likes being bathed</a> </li> </ul> <figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491004/original/file-20221021-17-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491004/original/file-20221021-17-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491004/original/file-20221021-17-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491004/original/file-20221021-17-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491004/original/file-20221021-17-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491004/original/file-20221021-17-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491004/original/file-20221021-17-z42jq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="A tabby cat being washed" /><figcaption>If the cat is amenable to baths, it can be a good method to reduce the level of allergens. Matyas Rehak/Shutterstock</figcaption></figure> <ul> <li> restrict cats’ access to rooms you want to keep allergy-free, such as the bedroom </li> <li> get a vacuum specifically designed for reducing allergens, such as ones with a HEPA filter </li> <li> use air purifiers with HEPA filters. </li> </ul> Adopting a cat when allergic If you’re allergic and want to adopt a cat, make sure to spend some time with them first to assess your reaction. Ideally, pick a cat that doesn’t make you sneeze. If cats need to be re-homed, this does negatively affect their welfare. A <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810051/">large study of RSPCA shelters in Australia</a> reported allergy as the reason for relinquishment in roughly 3% of cats out of 61,755 total relinquished between 2006 and 2010. <figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491007/original/file-20221021-21-fanr5e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/491007/original/file-20221021-21-fanr5e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491007/original/file-20221021-21-fanr5e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491007/original/file-20221021-21-fanr5e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491007/original/file-20221021-21-fanr5e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491007/original/file-20221021-21-fanr5e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/491007/original/file-20221021-21-fanr5e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="A tabby cat sleeping in the sun on a windowsill" /><figcaption>Adopting a cat is a serious commitment. <a class="source" href="https://unsplash.com/photos/oA6zqMdnhjE">Roberto Huczek/Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure> You can also see your doctor about options for managing symptoms such as over-the-counter medications (such as antihistamines) and longer term solutions. For those with allergies who want to have their cat and their ability to breathe too, <a href="https://journals.lww.com/co-allergy/fulltext/2018/08000/does_evidence_support_the_use_of_cat_allergen.11.aspx?casa_token=Y7rh9GwOUjcAAAAA:VoRFLInOZf_E_oDk2uX0ZrkfrMDNklzrvx1Tl7PsS2MFoaTEu4bR-n7JCG0IjgiPYCImKnpzYVjX9SmnFxmlTuRyt2VvXg">another option is immunotherapy</a>, although there is limited evidence to support this treatment for cat allergies. Immunotherapy involves first identifying which specific allergen is causing the reactions, and then systematically delivering increasing levels of this allergen over several months in an effort to retrain the immune system to tolerate the allergen without a reaction. This may be especially beneficial for those with moderate to severe reactions. There is evidence <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cea.12380?casa_token=aZ0yxtcV_2MAAAAA:zfNPJau3PSSvTr7I5HXWgISCZ8NZm_5Bnrh9eVdZyoeU8V4e_jESrdXMy3Aw4kdtHHBZBSeVA3sJb4LS">exposure to dogs and cats early in life can reduce at least some forms of allergy</a>. Evidence is still conflicting, though, and probably depends on genetics and other environmental factors. What we do know is that pet cats provide companionship and joy to many, and understanding the causes and treatment of pet allergy can only help both cats and humans. Writen by Susan Hazel. Republished with permission from <a href="https://theconversation.com/do-hypoallergenic-cats-even-exist-3-myths-dispelled-about-cat-allergies-191662" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. Image:<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/191662/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> Getty Images

Family & Pets

Pets can suffer from allergies too

Spring has well and truly sprung and if you’re suffering from some seasonal sniffles, spare a thought for you pet, too. Did you know dog and cats can suffer from seasonal allergies just as you do? “Pets can definitely suffer from seasonal allergies but the allergic response is slightly different in pets when compared to people,” says Felicia Tam, who is the PAW by Blackmores veterinarian. Dr Tam says don’t expect pets to get a bout of hayfever though as “pets are much more likely to get itchy skin and have ‘allergies’ after coming into contact with allergens such as dust mites or pollens.” Signs that your dog has a seasonal allergy Pet allergies most often take the form of skin irritation or inflammation, and according to Dr Tam, the main sign to look for is “constant itching or rubbing in your dog”. But Dr Tam reminds that allergies can look different from pet to pet. “Details like seasonality and location, age and breed can provide clues on what your dog is allergic to, whether it is something in the environment like dust mites or even the food he or she is eating,” she says. Dr Tam recommends using this helpful 10-point itch scale tool to assess your dog’s itch level. This will help you assess any improvement or deterioration from normal or after treatment. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/11/pets-can-suffer-from-allergies-too-graph_500x705.png" alt="" width="500" height="705" /> Allergies should be cause for concern Like us humans, allergies in pets can range from mild to severe. If not adequately controlled or managed, allergies can be a cause for concern for pet owners. As Dr Tam reminds, “an itchy dog is definitely an uncomfortable dog,” adding, “dogs will continue to scratch as long as they are itchy so can do a lot of damage to their skin if the cause of their itch isn’t addressed.” If you believe your dog has an allergy, pay a visit to your vet. It will not only give you peace of mind but the vet will be able to help you manage your pet’s allergies. “Some allergies, such as allergies to fleas or food can be easily managed by ensuring flea control is applied on time or specific foods are fed. Other allergies can be more difficult to manage but most pets can be kept comfortable as long as their owners are on board with their pet’s special needs,” says Dr Tam. How you can help your pet with seasonal allergies Dr Tam uses a concept called the “itch threshold” when thinking about our itchy pets. “The additive effect of multiple factors in the environment can tip your pet over the itch threshold,” she says. In order to stay under the itch threshold, Dr Tam recommends owners: <ul> <li>Make sure flea treatments are applied on time</li> <li>Pets are bathed regularly to make sure that the allergen load on the skin doesn’t build up</li> <li>Provide ingredients such as omega-3 and omega-6’s either topically or via supplementation to support the skin barrier to reduce the access of allergens to the immune system</li> </ul> Image: Getty Images

Family & Pets

5 silent signs you’re being exposed to mould

<h2>The damaging effects of moul</h2> Sneezing, coughing, feeling down and tired? While these sensations might make you think cold or fall allergy symptoms, you may want to keep an eye on how you feel over time. If they tend to linger or get worse whenever you’re at home, this could be a sign that you’re being exposed to mould. We spoke with Michael Rubino, a mould and air quality authority as well as author of The Mould Medic, an Expert’s Guide on Mould Removal. Rubino points out that in addition to respiratory issues, mould exposure has actually been linked to early onset dementia and Alzheimer’s in previous research. “We spend 90% of our time indoors,” he says. “We’re learning new things every day about all the effects our homes can have on our health, but all signs are kind of leading into the same place – that if we want to improve our health, the air we breathe has a very profound effect on it.” It’s true: especially if you haven’t been paying attention to the sneaky spots mould grows, being exposed to mould over time can lead to serious consequences. While routinely cleaning is extremely important for controlling the mould in your home, also be aware of these silent signs of mould exposure before any illness gets worse. <h2>You may experience allergy-like symptoms</h2> While allergies are growing more common, allergy-like symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, itchy eyes and throat, stuffy nose, skin irritation and rashes are also early signs of mould exposure – also known as mould toxicity. “Usually it starts off with unusual allergies,” says Rubino. “They notice they’re getting sick more frequently; maybe their nose is stuffy [or] they’re having allergic-type symptoms.” Rubino says these mould exposure symptoms can pop up with various timelines – sometimes immediately, or sometimes with delayed reactions. If you’re experiencing chronic allergy-like symptoms while you’re at home, talk with your doctor. <h2>You may have trouble breathing</h2> According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), exposure to mould can also trigger asthma symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing. This can be a common symptom of mould exposure even for those who don’t experience allergies on a seasonal basis. The CDC also points to previous research that found exposure to mould can make any pre-existing asthma worse. <h2>You may feel fatigued</h2> Let’s face it: fatigue is a common symptom for lots of us. But Rubino points out that feeling fatigued is also a common result of exposure to mould at home. A 2013 study published in Toxins found exposure to different kinds of mould – especially mycotoxins, the kind of mould that can grow on food as well as under warm and humid conditions within the home – can cause feelings of chronic fatigue. <h2>You may experience brain fog</h2> Along with fatigue, being exposed to mould can also cause feelings of brain fog, which results in feeling sluggish and even forgetful. Rubino points out that it is typically a result of inflammation the body is experiencing when exposed to mould: “You start to experience gut issues due to the inflammation that mould and toxins can cause. Gut inflammation can lead to brain inflammation which then can cause a whole host of neuropsychiatric symptoms.” Experts point out that mould is an irritant to the body that can cause an inflammatory response. Just as one example, one 2009 neuropsychology study suggested that when the brain is chronically inflamed due to mould exposure, this can even lead to long-term cognitive impairment. <h2>You may feel particularly anxious or depressed</h2> “We are seeing a lot of studies that show that [mould is] impacting people’s mental health [through] people’s anxiety and depression,” Rubino says. According to an article published through Environmental Health Perspectives, those who are exposed to damp, mouldy households have a 34% to 44% higher risk of depression. Further studies in recent years, such as one in 2020, have demonstrated that mould exposure can increase anxiety-like behaviour. This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/healthsmart/5-silent-signs-youre-being-exposed-to-mould" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>. Image: Shutterstock

Body

Allergic to cleaning? 13 ways to keep allergies in check when Spring cleaning

Wear gloves and a mask Before you start cleaning, put on a face mask and rubber gloves, recommends board-certified allergist Dr Neeta Ogden. The mask will help you avoid breathing in allergens, and the gloves will keep them away from your whole face. “Even quickly touching your eye or face can lead to allergens reaching your eyes and portals to your airway through the nose and mouth,” says Dr Ogden. Clean one window at a time Spring-cleaning is the time to hit spots you don’t clean every week, like windows. But keeping the panes open too long could let pollen, mould, and other allergens inside. “I would do one window at a time,” says Dr Stephen Kimura, an allergist and immunologist. “Open it, clean it, and shut it right away.” Keep the AC running as you go so the air can filter, he says. Let clothes dry inside No matter how much you love the idea of letting clothes dry in the natural sunlight, stay away from an outdoor clothesline. “If you’re pollen or mould allergic and have clothes out there, they will attract those pollens and you’ll be exposed in high quantities to those allergens,” says Dr Kimura. Any clothes that can’t go in the dryer should hang dry indoors. Pick the right vacuum Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter, which is designed to keep dust in the vacuum instead of blowing back up into the air, says Dr Ogden. Also look out for new models with complete seal technology to keep even more allergens in, she suggests. “You definitely don’t want to go with a regular old vacuum,” she says. Leave carpet shampoo to the pros Shampooing a carpet obviously means getting your carpet wet. The problem is, dust mites love spots with more than 50 per cent humidity and might start gathering in the damp wood or padding under the carpet, says Dr Mark Aronica, an allergist. “It should be done by a professional cleaner, where things are cleaned up and dried as quickly as possible,” he says. Don't dust dry Dusting with a dry cloth could work against you, says Dr Ogden. “Dusting in and of itself is not very helpful if you’re just disseminating dust back in the air,” she says. She recommends using a damp cloth or a vinegar solution when wiping down surfaces to actually trap the dust. Pay attention to clutter Don’t ignore your usual decluttering when you’re spring cleaning. “Piles of books and magazines and things collect dust,” says Dr Kimura. Toss the junk while you spring clean to keep the allergens in your home low. Clean mould hands-off Mould can trigger allergies, so cleaning it out effectively can be a challenge. The last thing you want is to hover over the shower scrubbing away at the allergen, so Dr Ogden suggests using a product you can spray. “You can hold them away from yourself and spray into the shower,” she says. “You return in 15 minutes and run the shower, and that’s it.” Use a solution that’s 10 per cent bleach, which is strong enough to kill mould but weak enough for your allergies to tolerate, says Dr Aronica. Run a fan Opening windows to air out fumes will just bring allergens in, but running a fan can help. “Make sure you’ve got the exhaust hood running in the bathroom or kitchen to keep strong odours from bothering you,” says Dr Kimura. Use natural products Stick with fragrance-free cleaning products because scented options can make allergies worse. “It’s not a direct allergic reaction so much as an irritant to a nose that’s already inflamed or irritated,” says Dr Aronica. Use natural cleaning products when you can, like mopping with a vinegar and water solution, suggests Dr Kimura. Invest in a mattress cover Make sure you use an allergy cover on your mattress, pillows and quilt. “The covers are impermeable to dust mites,” says Dr Aronica. “What does accumulate during the week gets killed in the laundry.” Wash your sheets in the hottest setting, or at least 48.8°C, to kill any mites, he says. Give your dog a bath Spring-cleaning doesn’t have to mean your house only – make it an opportunity to give your cat or dog a good wash, too. “That cuts down on whatever pollen they have on their fur or coats, and also cuts down on dander,” says Dr Kimura. Clean our your dehumidifier A dehumidifier will help avoid mould at bay in basements – but only if you clean it regularly. “Rinse it out and use a weak bleach to kill mould spores,” says Dr Kimura. Make sure to refresh it during your spring-cleaning chores. Image credits: Getty Images This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/food-home-garden/allergic-to-cleaning-13-ways-to-keep-allergies-in-check-when-spring-cleaning?pages=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>.

Home & Garden

No link found between caesarean birth and food allergies

While babies born through caesareans may lack some gut bacteria that would otherwise be gained through vaginal births, recent research has consistently shown that there is little evidence for caesarean births being responsible for asthma and allergies. A recent study by the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) in Melbourne, confirmed no link between caesarean births and food allergies during the first year of life. This research, published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, looked at 2,045 infants who underwent skin prick testing and an oral food challenge to test for allergy status. In this group, of the 30% that were born by caesarean, 12.7 % had a food allergy, compared to 13.2% born vaginally, meaning there was no statistically significant difference between birthing methods. “We found no meaningful differences in food allergy for infants born by caesarean delivery compared to those born by vaginal delivery,” says Rachel Peters, who led the study. “Additionally, there was no difference in likelihood of food allergy if the caesarean was performed before or after the onset of labour, or whether it was an emergency or elective caesarean.” A potential link between caesarean births and allergies had long been suspected because of the difference in early microbial exposure compared to vaginal delivery. “The infant immune system undergoes rapid development during the neonatal period,” says Peters. “The mode of delivery may interfere with the normal development of the immune system. Babies born by caesarean have less exposure to the bacteria from the mother’s gut and vagina, which influences the composition of the baby’s microbiome and immune system development. However, this doesn’t appear to play a major role in the development of food allergy.” These findings will assist caregivers to better evaluate risks and benefits of caesarean birth, and provide reassurance to parents that such interventions do not lead to an increased risk of food allergy in their babies. One in 10 infants, and one in 20 children over the age of five years in Australia, have a food allergy, one of the highest rates in the world. This research provides further good news to parents and children: 30% of peanut allergies and 90% of egg allergies naturally resolved by six years of age. These infants should be targeted for early intervention trials, such as oral immunotherapy. “Prioritising research of these and future interventions for infants less likely to naturally outgrow their allergy would yield the most benefit for healthcare resources and research funding,” says Peters. This article originally appeared on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/caesarean-no-food-allergy-link/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Qamariya Nasrullah. Image: Shutterstock

Caring

Completely natural ways to nip spring allergies in the bud

If spring’s blossoms have left you red-eyed and runny-nosed, don’t rush straight to the medicine chest. Many drugs simply treat the symptoms of allergic reactions, which can often be easily prevented in the first place. Here are a few natural ways to keep your allergies at bay. <ol> <li> Avoid pollen </li> </ol> Most plants pollinate in the early hours of the morning, so try to postpone outdoor activity to the afternoon. Also, try taking a quick shower and changing your clothes every time you come home to rinse off stray pollen. <ol start="2"> <li> Find the triggers in your home </li> </ol> Mould, dust mites and pollen in your house can all inflame allergies. Use a diluted bleach solution to clean mould in basements, garages and on old patio furniture. <ol start="3"> <li> Avoid using window fans to cool rooms </li> </ol> They can suck pollen indoors. <ol start="4"> <li> Turn on the dehumidifier </li> </ol> You should keep humidity levels below 50 percent to kill dust mites, but above 30 percent to avoid making your home too dry. <ol start="5"> <li> Improve the air indoors</li> </ol> Invest in a good air filter and change it every two to three months. <ol start="6"> <li> Stay contained in the car</li> </ol> Keep windows closed when driving. If it’s hot, use the air conditioner instead. <ol start="7"> <li> Consider your diet</li> </ol> Eat foods rich in omega-3s to aid with allergies. These include fish, eggs, walnuts and flaxseed oil. <ol start="8"> <li> Love your laundry</li> </ol> Wash bed linens at least once a week in 50 degree-plus water. That’s how hot it should be to kill dust mite eggs. <ol start="9"> <li> Don a mask</li> </ol> Wear a mask while doing housework, which can stir up allergens. <ol start="10"> <li> Get wrapping</li> </ol> Bedroom items that can’t be washed, such as pillows, mattresses and box springs, should be covered in tightly woven, hypoallergenic dust-mite covers. Stuffed animals and throw pillows should be eliminated or kept to a minimum. <ol start="11"> <li> Pet protection</li> </ol> Clean your pets. Wipe off their paws when they come home and wipe down their fur after they’ve been outside. <ol start="12"> <li> Rinse and repeat. </li> </ol> Rinse out your nose with a simple saline solution. Clear the pollen from your passages using a Neti pot or a spray bottle. <ol start="13"> <li> Turn to herbs</li> </ol> Instead of drugs, take a few herbs. To alleviate a runny nose and sinus congestion, try freeze-dried stinging nettles. Eyebright can soothe red, itchy, watery eyes. And the supplement quercetin, a bioflavonoid often found packaged with Vitamin C, can also be an effective antihistamine. Butterbur can alleviate symptoms of grass allergies. This article first appeared on <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/healthsmart/conditions/allergies/zap-spring-allergies-with-these-natural-remedies" target="_blank">Reader’s Digest</a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a rel="noopener" href="http://readersdigest.co.nz/subscribe" target="_blank">here’s our best subscription offer</a>.

Body

Aussie restaurant refuses to remove “offensive” viral Facebook post

A burger restaurant in Western Sydney, Australia has doubled down on a controversial Facebook post promoting its new dessert after thousands of people signed a petition to have it removed. Downtown Brooklyn in Penrith has come under fire after it posted a promotion for its peanut butter and chocolate dessert Reese’s Bowl on Tuesday. “Get those Epipen’s ready, because this is going to be worth it!” the post read. “Loaded with Ice Cream and drizzled in Peanut Butter and Chocolate, it sure screams, get me to the hospital ASAP!” <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FDBPenrith%2Fphotos%2Fa.513981688798552%2F1072529359610446%2F%3Ftype%3D3&width=500" width="500" height="554" style="border: none; overflow: hidden;" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allow="encrypted-media"></iframe> The post sparked widespread backlash, with people asking for the post to be removed. “Disgraceful. The people who thought this one up need to visit the emergency department and watch someone having an anaphylactic attack,” one wrote. “This looks absolutely delicious, I would love to tuck into it BUT your choice of words in advertising is horrifying,” another commented. “It is not a joking matter and certainly not something to use as an advertisement.” “This is exactly the sort of media that leads to the ‘a little bit won’t hurt’ mentality and lack of care in kitchens that could kill someone. Not an acceptable way to sell desserts,” one added. A day after the promotional post was published, the restaurant issued a response to the criticisms. “We’re sorry people no longer know how to take a joke,” the restaurant said, claiming the “boss” also has nut allergy. “We’re sorry our Boss is Anaphylactic. We’re sorry her word’s that stemmed this post was, ‘…jab me now and call an ambulance cause I want to try that shit!’. We’re sorry she found it highly amusing. We’re sorry we won’t ever delete the post.” The restaurant also addressed a petition asking it to remove the “offensive” post, which has been signed by more than 3,000 people at the time of writing. “The boss wants to print it out and pin it on her office wall,” it said on a Facebook post. Since then, Downtown Brooklyn’s controversial post has made headlines, with features in local, British and American media outlets. “We hope that our lightened dark sense of humour has brought about a new light of understanding allergies and spread the awareness. Whether this has been taken positively or negatively, we did the job to get that global reach,” the restaurant wrote. “P.S. If you actually do have an allergy, and didn’t get the joke, please don’t eat this.”

Food & Wine

Shellfish allergies: Can they be treated?

Seafood platters? Bouillabaisse? Arroz de Marisco? Seafood paella? Oysters Rockefeller? Lobster Thermidor? Dining out with friends, a romantic meal, celebrating Christmas or a holiday on a wind-swept coast with these seafood dishes on your table are enjoyable moments. But have any of you, your friends or family experienced swelling of lips or eyelids, itchiness and rashes developed over your face or body, or even difficulty in breathing just a few minutes after eating shrimp, lobster, crab, clam, mussels, oysters or scallops? If yes, you could well have a shellfish allergy. What is shellfish allergy? Shellfish allergy is a type of hyper-immune response mediated by <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobuline_E">Immunoglobulin E</a> (IgE), an antibody produced by B cells. When someone who is allergic eats some shellfish, the allergens – primary <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropomyosin">tropomyosin</a>, a muscle protein – bind with IgE. This allergen-IgE complex then cross-links on mast cells. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process, by which they contain many granules rich in inflammatory mediators like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine">histamine</a>. Histamine can increase the permeability of the blood capillaries, exert effects on mucous glands and bronchila tubes, and is a central mediator of allergic reactions like itching. A lifelong condition As designated by the United States <a href="https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/Allergens/ucm106890.htm">Food Allergen Labelling and Consumer Protection Act</a>, crustacean shellfish are one of the top eight allergens alongside with milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soybeans and fish accounting for 90 per cent of food-related allergic reactions. Unlike allergies to egg and cow’s milk for which children often gradually acquire <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11882-016-0627-4">natural tolerance</a>, shellfish allergies usually <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11882-016-0627-4">persist throughout life</a>. Shellfish is the leading offending food in the United States, Canada, Portugal, and in the Asia-Pacific regions, including <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18808390">Hong Kong and Taiwan</a>. A <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24372074">multi-centre survey</a> conducted in Europe, on the other hand, reported 4.8 per cent of adults with IgE sensitisation to shrimp and in some areas like Zurich, the sensitisation rate can be up to 7 per cent. Poor diagnosis Despite such a high impact, diagnosis and treatment of shellfish allergy remains suboptimal. The standard clinical diagnostic involves a thorough review of a patient’s clinical history followed by <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/allergy-tests/about/pac-20392895">skin prick test</a> (SPT) and measurement of shellfish-specific IgE level. A SPT reaction spot that is 3mm or more in diameter and an IgE level of greater than or equal to 0.35 kUA/L which stands for kilo unit of allergen-specific IgE per litre, are commonly defined as a positive diagnosis of a shellfish allergy. However, the rapidly growing number of diagnoses have highlighted concerning the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21651567">shortcomings of these conventional procedures</a>. SPT and IgE measurement with shellfish extract have low specificity of only 50 per cent, meaning that 50 per cent of people with a positive result in these tests may never experience clinical symptoms of shellfish allergy. <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/M_qeE5BsynY"></iframe></div> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">Skin prick tests are usually efficient to determine allergies but also present several shortcomings (Imperial College London).</div> Although reactions to all sorts of shellfish is common, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498545">reports</a> have suggested species-specific allergic reactions – for example, you may be able to eat one species of prawn even if you are allergic to another. However, because tests cannot identify cross-reactivity, patients are often suggested to avoid all types of shellfish if they have allergic reactions to one type of shellfish. The oral food challenge, a test that involve giving increasing amounts of a food to a patient to determine if he or she has a food allergy, remains the gold standard. But it is resource-intensive, time-consuming, costly and risky. Subjects’ reluctance due to a fear of <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30298065">side effects</a> preclude the implementation of this procedure in clinical settings. Treatment could be improved “Active” treatment options that would desensitize shellfish-allergic patients are unfortunately not yet available. Patients are recommended to avoid shellfish that trigger symptoms, educated to read food labels to avoid accidental consumption, take antihistamines to alleviate mild symptoms, and use epinephrine auto-injector – a hand-held device that delivers epinephrine to relax the airways by intramuscular injection – in case of an anaphylactic reaction. However, none of these first-line measures cures the disease. Food desensitisation and tolerance induction could be achieved by “re-educating” the immune system through giving small doses of the offending food and increasing it over time. However, existing interventions have reservations and limitations: the efficacy in developing tolerance is debatable; the adherence of patients is poor as the treatment is lengthy (2 to 5 years to “complete”); there are risks such as developing allergic side effects; and they’re costly, running between US$800 and $1,000 per year. Our research team therefore focused our effort to address these shortcomings through investigating the value of <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26610061">peptide-based oral immunotherapy</a>, by which these peptides are short fragments of tropomyosin with molecular nature of modifying the immune system, and also by constructing hypoallergens of shrimp <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25365343">tropomyosin</a> and hypoallergen-based vaccines. Hypoallergens are modified from tropomyosin to be less than normally allergenic. Using a small DNA molecule to counter the allergy With the lower IgE reactivity, hypoallergens are of lower risk in triggering allergic reactions. We also adopted the concept of <a href="https://www.livescience.com/37247-dna.html">DNA</a> vaccination – the injection the DNA sequence of the hypoallergen in a small circular piece of bacterial DNA. When taken up by body cells, this piece of circular DNA is used by the cells’ machinery to produce the hypoallergen protein. Because these proteins are regarded as foreign, the immune system is alerted to trigger immune response. The continual production of the hypoallergen protein by the vaccine and body cells therefore “educates” the immune system as in the conventional immunotherapy but achieved with fewer shots. This combinatorial approach offers the advantages of improved vaccine stability, relative ease of large-scale manufacture, reduced shots and treatment duration, and thus a lower cost of immunotherapy. <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8h4FVAJ0Ifs"></iframe></div> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">Dr. Wai explaining her hypoallergene-DNA vaccine project.</div> From our <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170107265A1/en">animal experiments</a> three shots of this hypoallergen-DNA vaccine resulted in the decrease of IgE level by 70 per cent, accompanied by the increase in the number and activity of immune cells with regulatory functions. This suggests that this vaccine may be a valuable treatment for inducing immune tolerance against shellfish allergy achievable with much fewer injections and within shorter time period. However, the only FDA-approved plasmid, pVAX1, has limited immunogenicity in human, meaning that DNA vaccines constructed using pVAX1 has limited capacity in provoking immune responses in the body of a human. Engineering next-generation vaccines with optimised plasmids and studying their effects and mechanism would be our next steps, and we hope to provide a promising option in the future. Until then, be cautious with that lobster. Written by Christine Wai, Post-doctoral researcher, Axa research fund fellow, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Republished with permission of <a href="https://theconversation.com/shellfish-allergies-can-they-be-treated-112143">The Conversation</a>.

Food & Wine

Study finds baby wipes connected to childhood food allergies

A new study in the US has found that the use of baby wipes may promote childhood food allergies by disrupting the skins natural protective barriers. However, this will only happen if the infant carries certain genetic mutations that affect the skin. The study, published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, found that a combination of environmental and genetic factors must coexist for a food allergy to develop. The factors that can cause a food allergy include baby wipes leaving soap on the skin, exposure to dust and food, and genetics that alter skin absorbency. Lead author of the study and professor of allergy-immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Joan Cook-Mills, said, “This is a recipe for developing food allergy.” “It’s a major advance in our understanding of how food allergy starts early in life,” Professor Cook-Mills said. Professor Cook-Mills said the evidence shows that up to 35 per cent of children with food allergies also have atopic dermatitis and much of that is explained by at least three different gene mutations that reduce skin barrier. To conduct the study, researchers used baby mice with dermatitis and exposed their skins to food allergens like peanuts. The peanuts alone did not have any impact. Then researchers thought about what babies have their skin exposed to in their younger years, such as household dust, soap through baby wipes and food allergens. “They may not be eating food allergens as a newborn, but they are getting them on their skin. Say a sibling with peanut butter on her face kisses the baby. Or a parent is preparing food with peanuts and then handles the baby,” explained Professor Cook-Mills. The researchers repeated the experiment but applied sodium lauryl sulfate, a common soap found in baby wipes, to the skin of the mice before exposing them to common food and other allergens over a two-week period. After being fed eggs or peanuts, the mice developed a rash at the skin exposure site as well as allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. It is believed the soap in the wet wipes disrupts the top layer of skin, which is made of lipids (fats). Professor Cook-Mills warned that parents should limit the use of baby wipes on infants. “Reduce baby’s skin exposure to the food allergens by washing your hands before handling the baby,” she added.

Caring

5 foods that fight allergies

While the majority of people rejoice at the arrival of spring, many Kiwis will stock up on tissues, antihistamine medications and close their windows tight, bracing themselves for allergy season. For hay fever sufferers, pollen triggers symptoms in the lower airways as well as the nose, making it difficult to breathe and causing itchy and watery eyes, sneezing, nasal congestion, and a scratchy or sore throat. Between the years 2000 and 2010, the wholesale turnover of medications to treat hay fever doubled. Averaging at a price of about 50 cents per tablet. Relief, it seems, doesn’t come cheap. Alternatively, here a five foods with natural antihistamines that can provide treatment for spring allergies without the nasty price tag. 1. Onions Onions are rich in bioflavonoids, which are classed as anti-oxidants. They contain quercetin – an effective, natural antihistamine that can reduce swelling in the lungs and nasal passages. 2. Water Generally, the better hydrated you are, the more allergens will be diluted in your cells, minimising their histamine effect. Allergy expert Susanne Bennett, founder of the Wellness for Life Centre in Santa Monica, has a <a href="http://www.nextavenue.org/best-foods-manage-your-seasonal-allergies/" target="_blank">simple trick</a> for sufferers: Take your weight, divide it in half and drink that number of ounces of water each day during hay fever season. 3. Kiwi fruit Kiwis contain exceptional quantities of vitamin C, which is a natural anti-inflammatory and antihistamine. It also protects against secondary respiratory conditions such as asthma, that may arise from the excess pollen in the air. 4. Pineapple Pineapples contain bromelain, which is an enzyme that decreases nasal congestion and inflammation of mucous linings. 5. Ginger tea Apart from being a delightfully relaxing brew that aids digestion, ginger tea works to break up chest congestion and loosen phlegm. It also strengthens the immune system. What do you usually do to treat hay fever? Let us know in the comments below. Related links: <a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/08/your-bed-sheets-could-be-making-you-sick/">Your bed sheets could be making you sick</a> <a href="/health/body/2016/05/clear-blocked-nose-instantly/">How to clear a blocked nose instantly</a> <a href="/health/body/2016/02/tips-to-beat-hay-fever/">3 tips to beat hay fever</a>

Body

4 myths about allergies that will shock you

Sally Bloomfield, Honorary Professor at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, debunks four persistent myths about allergies. Allergies are on the rise across the developed world and hay fever and eczema have trebled in the last 30 years. Yet allergies are an area of much confusion and concern. Although one study found 38 per cent of people think they have a food allergy, in fact only 1-5 per cent do, and allergists commonly report spending most of their consultations refuting firmly held beliefs that have no scientific foundation. Theories about allergy – some from medical research and some from lifestyle “gurus” – have led to conflicting information, making it hard to know what to believe. Because of this, Sense About Science worked with me and a number of allergists, immunologists, respiratory scientists and pharmacists to produce Making Sense of Allergies, a guide tackling the many myths and misconceptions about allergies. One common myth – something that I work on – is the link between allergies and exposure to microbes. So here is a hygiene and allergy reality fact check: Do fewer childhood infections mean more allergies? No. Although a link between allergies and microbes is largely accepted, the idea that more infections during childhood reduces the chance of developing allergies is now discounted. This idea came from the hygiene hypothesis, proposed in 1989, which theorised that the 20th century’s increase in allergies was due to lower rates of infection in early childhood. This hypothesis was based on observations that larger family size protected against hay fever, while smaller families were thought to provide insufficient infection exposure because of less person-to-person infection. Exposure to a normal range of microbes during the first months after birth is critical to developing the immune system, but there is no evidence that “regular” infections are important to boost general infection immunity or prevent allergies. Are allergies up because of modern obsessions with cleanliness? No. Our microbiomes, the population of microbes that live in and on our bodies, have altered from previous generations. This is not because of cleanliness, but because we interact with less diverse microbial environments than those of our largely rural ancestors. The idea that excessive cleaning has created “sterile” homes is implausible: microbes are rapidly replaced by organisms shed from us, our pets, raw foods and dust. This understanding has come from the “old friends” mechanism, a refinement to the hygiene hypothesis that offers a more plausible explanation for the link between microbial exposure and allergies. It proposes that exposure to the diverse range of largely non-harmful microbes or parasites that inhabit our world are important for building a diverse microbiome that is vital for sustaining a well regulated immune system that doesn’t overreact to allergens like pollen. These “old friends” have co-evolved with humans over millions of years. By contrast most infectious diseases only emerged over the last 10,000 years as we came to live in urban communities. Old friend microbes are still there, but we have lost contact with them due to lifestyle and public health changes over the past two centuries. Improved water quality, sanitation and urban cleanliness have massively reduced infectious disease, but inadvertently deprived us of exposure to these microbes. Changes in microbial content of food, less breastfeeding, more caesarean sections, urban rather than rural living and increased antibiotic use have also reduced early life old friends interaction. Will relaxing hygiene reverse the trend in allergies? No. We now know that relaxing hygiene will not reunite us with our old friends, but carries the risk of increased exposure to other microbes that can cause old and new diseases. Because it was originally called the “hygiene” hypothesis, and because the terms hygiene and cleanliness are used interchangeably, people often assume that “being less clean” implies being less particular about hygiene. At the same time that allergies have increased, the threats of global pandemics and antibiotic resistance have increased, and hygiene is key to containing these threats. Protecting against infection is not about how clean our homes look or how often we shower, it’s what we do to stop germs spreading. By using “targeted” hygiene practices such as hand washing, food safety and toilet hygiene, while encouraging everyday interactions with our microbial world we maximise protection against infection, while maintaining exposure to old friends. Are synthetic chemicals linked to rising allergies? No. Excessive use of cleaning and personal care products and antibacterials is sometimes said to be linked to allergies because it deprives us of microbial exposure. Antibacterial products are perceived to exacerbate this. However, because evidence suggests that general day-to-day home cleaning has no impact on microbial levels, it is unlikely to impact on our human microbiome. By contrast targeted disinfectant use, for example while preparing food, can reduce infection risks. Many people believe that “man-made” chemicals are more likely to cause allergic reactions, leading to many synthetic substances in products being replaced by “natural alternatives”. However, the most common allergic reactions are to naturally occurring allergens, in foods such as eggs, milk and nuts, in common garden plants such as primroses and chrysanthemums, and things in the environment such as pollen, dust mites and pet dander. Some natural replacements for synthetic substances could actually increase the risk of allergic reactions. This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/four-myths-about-allergies-you-thought-were-true-but-arent-42855" target="_blank">The Conversation.</a><a href="https://theconversation.com/four-myths-about-allergies-you-thought-were-true-but-arent-42855"> </a> Related links: <a href="/health/wellbeing/2015/08/cures-from-the-kitchen-cupboard/">8 kitchen cupboard cures for common ailments</a> <a href="/health/wellbeing/2015/08/professor-tim-spector-diet-book/">Why calorie counting is a waste of time</a> <a href="/health/wellbeing/2015/07/top-health-worries-of-60-year-olds/">Top 10 health worries when you’re 60-plus (and how to beat them)</a>

Body

The secret to dealing with pet allergies

Australia's much loved veterinarian, Dr Chris Brown, believes loving your furry friend shouldn’t be so sneezy. Here he shares his top tips to reduce your reaction so you can snuggle up to your pets allergy-free. Red eyes, sneezing and a runny nose are a big price to pay for a pat. And over a million Aussies do just that. Fact: Despite what you might think, allergies to pets isn't caused by their hair. Instead, members of the “Kleenex Club” are actually reacting to a protein in the saliva. And because pets groom themselves, this protein is spread all over their fur and then flakes off. Tips to reduce your reaction Ironically, having a pet may help by desensitising you to the allergy. Here are some other tips: <ul> <li>Wipe pets down with a moist sponge twice a day to remove that protein from their coat</li> <li>Bathe pets regularly</li> <li>Keep hair trimmed short to lessen how much allergen their coat can carry</li> <li>Use air filters to remove airborne allergens</li> <li>Wash your hands after patting pets</li> </ul> Tell us: Are you allergic to your pet? What tips have you found worked? Share your comments with us below. For more tips on your pets, follow Dr Chris Brown on <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/dcbpets/?fref=ts" target="_blank">Facebook here.</a> Related links: <a rel="noopener" href="/lifestyle/family-pets/2016/05/reasons-your-dogs-health-is-as-important-as-your-own/" target="_blank">6 reasons your dog’s health is just as important as your own</a> <a href="/lifestyle/family-pets/2016/04/scientists-say-dogs-are-smarter-than-we-think/">Dogs are smarter than we give them credit for</a> <a href="/lifestyle/family-pets/2016/04/why-cats-like-boxes/">Why do cats like boxes?</a>

Family & Pets

The dangerous mistake we all make with our perfume

With over two hundred chemical components in an artificial fragrance it’s no surprise that many people are sensitive to scents. What’s more, it can be tough for people to know what exactly they are allergic to. Why many might think this to be a minor problem, dermatologic surgeon Dr Joel Schkessinger explains that being around perfume or cologne can actually be dangerous for those who are allergic and says we should avoid wearing it when in a small enclosed space with others. "Common symptoms range from headaches, watery eyes, and sneezing to dizziness, asthma attacks, and difficulty breathing”. And these aren't just reactions allergic people have while wearing fragrances – merely being in the presence of certain scents can lead to severe discomfort. What can you do? To avoid putting too much perfume on, spritz your favourite scent in the air in front of you and walk through it. Avoid adding more throughout the day, and definitely don't spray it around folks without asking first. Related links: <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/beauty-style/2016/04/4-ways-your-brows-can-age-you/">4 ways your brows can age you</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/beauty-style/2016/04/glad-to-be-grey/">I love my grey hair</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/beauty-style/2016/03/natural-remedies-to-cure-dandruff/">12 natural remedies for dandruff</a>

News

3 tips to beat hay fever

If you have hay fever, you know that it can be the bane of spring – or even autumn, winter and summer, too, if you have a bad case. If you’re not a sufferer, imagine having a cold that could flare up when at the turn of a corner. Thankfully, there are ways around it. Here are three that don’t involve expensive antihistamines. 1. Find out what sets you off You can do this one of two ways. You could a) either stick to a close process of trial and error or b) get yourself an allergy test. These are used to determine which particular allergens are responsible for provoking an allergic reaction. It will usually involve skin and blood tests or an oral food allergen challenge. Note: If your symptoms mainly start in spring or summer, you may have “seasonal” allergic rhinitis, which is usually triggered by higher pollen counts during these seasons. 2. Minimise exposure This might sound impossible when it comes to pollen and other allergens that float around in the air, but there are ways you can reduce or even stop exposure. <ul> <li>Check out a pollen calendar: this helps you identify plants that trigger your hay fever and when they’re most likely to be flowering.</li> <li>Smear petroleum jelly (like Vaseline) inside your nose when you are outdoors: this helps trap pollen and stops it reaching the inner lining of your nose.</li> <li>Wear sunglasses and frequently splash your eyes with water.</li> <li>Stay away from parks and gardens while lawns are being mowed.</li> <li>Shower after playing sport and other outdoor activities to rinse off any pollen you’ve been exposed to.</li> <li>Use re-circulated air in the car: especially when pollen levels are high, or keep the windows closed.</li> </ul> 3. Evaluate your current medication Are you currently spending upwards of a few dollars a tablet on medications that only last a day? You may be using the wrong one. For example, decongestant nasal sprays or drops, syrups or tablets may help reduce nasal stuffiness or “congestion”. But they don’t work on other hay fever symptoms, and oral forms often cause side effects like insomnia and irritability, and aren’t suitable if you have a heart condition or high blood pressure. Related links: <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/body/2015/12/7-common-lies-about-fat/">7 common lies about fat</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/body/2015/12/bloating-food/">The best and worst foods for bloating</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/body/2015/11/what-your-food-cravings-mean/">What your body’s cravings really mean</a>

Body

8 surprising things in your home that make you sneeze

Find yourself sneezing up a storm at home? Here are eight unexpected things that could be triggering your “achoos”. 1. Scented candles/sprays/diffusers A 2011 study found home fragrances – like candles, room sprays, and diffusers – are a common cause of respiratory allergies. If you’re particular susceptible, any strong scent or perfume can be a trigger for your sneeze. 2. Vacuuming Not all vacuum cleaners suck up dust and particles properly. A badly maintained vacuum will dredge up dust and spread it around the home. Make sure you regularly clean your machine and change the bag when it’s three-quarters full. If the vacuum is too full, the suction is inhibited and won’t be able to effectively suck up that dust. 3. Open window It might be cooling to prop open a window in the house, but the cold breeze could be responsible for the tickle in your nose. Cold air can irritate your nasal passage or stimulate the nerve running through your nose, both of which trigger sneezing. 4. Flowers Indoor plants and flowers can produce pollen, which are irritating to sensitive noses. If you’re prone to sneezing, steer clear of strong-scented blossoms and try more neutral-smelling blooms for your next vase of flowers. 5. Sun-drenched rooms It’s a strange phenomenon called “photic sneeze reflex” where light, particularly sunlight, causes some people to reflexively sneeze. Roughly one quarter of the population has this strange sneezing reflex, but its affects vary widely. 6. Bathmats The damp conditions of bathmats is a haven for mould to grow. When the spores disperse in the air, it can cause sneezing. If you don’t already, make it a habit to wash your bathmat every week. 7. Soft toys If you’ve got a box full of soft toys for when the grandkids are over it could be the culprit behind your sneezing fits. Dust mites are commonly found in furry toys so make sure to wash them occasionally, especially if they’ve been played with recently. 8. Air-conditioner/Heater Your heating and cooling system is the perfect breeding ground for dust, mould and bacteria. When you switch the system on, all those sneeze-triggers will just fly into the air. Make sure you clean the filters, especially if you haven’t used it for months. Related links: <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/01/household-uses-for-vaseline/">Clever uses for Vaseline around the house</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/01/natural-ways-to-get-rid-of-cockroaches/">8 natural ways to get rid of cockroaches</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/01/how-to-keep-food-for-longer/">15 great kitchen hacks to extend the life of food and save on waste</a>

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Study finds baby wipes connected to childhood food allergies

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The secret to dealing with pet allergies

The dangerous mistake we all make with our perfume

3 tips to beat hay fever

8 surprising things in your home that make you sneeze