Do different drinks make you different drunk?
<p><em><strong>Nicole Lee is a Professor at the National Drug Research Institute at Curtin University.</strong></em></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/av/health-42072497/how-different-drinks-alter-your-mood" target="_blank">Reports of a study</a></strong></span> linking different kinds of alcoholic drinks with different mood states were making the rounds recently. The <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/10/e016089" target="_blank">research used</a></strong></span> 30,000 survey responses from the <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/" target="_blank">Global Drug Survey</a></strong></span> and found that people attached different emotions to different alcoholic drinks.</p>
<p>For instance, more respondents reported feeling aggressive when drinking spirits than when drinking wine.</p>
<p>We all have friends who swear they feel differently when drinking different types of alcohol. But can different drinks really influence your mood in different ways?</p>
<p><strong>Alcohol is alcohol</strong></p>
<p>Let’s cut to the chase. No matter what the drink, the active ingredient is the same: ethanol.</p>
<p>When you have a drink, ethanol enters the bloodstream through the stomach and small intestine and is then processed in the liver. The liver can process only a limited amount of alcohol at a time so any excess remains in the blood and travels to other organs, including your brain where mood is regulated.</p>
<p>The direct effects of alcohol are the same whether you drink wine, beer or spirits. There’s no evidence that different types of alcohol cause different mood states. People aren’t even very good at recognising their <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2167702616689780?journalCode=cpxa" target="_blank">mood states</a></strong></span> when they have been drinking.</p>
<p>So where does the myth come from?</p>
<p><strong>Grape expectations</strong></p>
<p>Scientists have studied specific <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965491/" target="_blank">alcohol-related beliefs</a></strong></span> called “expectancies”. If you believe a particular type of drink makes you angry, sad or sexed up, then it is more likely to.</p>
<p>We develop expectancies from a number of sources, including our own and others’ experiences. If wine makes you relaxed, it’s probably because you usually sip it slowly in a calm and relaxed atmosphere. If tequila makes you crazy, maybe it’s because you usually drink it in shots, which is bound to be on a wild night out.</p>
<p>Or if you regularly saw your parents sitting around on a Sunday afternoon with their friends and a few beers, you might expect beer to make you more sociable. Kids as young as six have been <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.jsad.com/doi/abs/10.15288/jsa.1990.51.343" target="_blank">found to have expectancies</a></strong></span> about alcohol, well before any experience of drinking.</p>
<p>We build conscious and unconscious associations between alcohol and our emotions every time we drink or see someone else drinking.</p>
<p>We could even be influenced by music and art. “Tequila makes me crazy” is a common belief, which also happens to be a line in a <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8XkLrErSHw" target="_blank">Kenny Chesney</a></strong></span> song, and Billy Joel’s <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxEPV4kolz0" target="_blank">Piano Man</a></strong></span> might reinforce the idea that gin makes you melancholy.</p>
<p><strong>It’s the ‘how’ more than the ‘what’</strong></p>
<p>Other chemicals, called congeners, can be produced in the process of making alcohol. Different drinks produce different congeners. Some argue these could have different effects on mood, but the only real effect of these chemicals is on the taste and smell of a beverage. They can also contribute to a <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20712591" target="_blank">cracker of a hangover</a></strong></span>.</p>
<p>But there is no evidence that these congeners produce specific mood or behavioural effects while you are drinking.</p>
<p>The critical factor in the physical and psychological effects you experience when drinking really comes down to how you drink rather than what you drink. Different drinks have different alcohol content and the more alcohol you ingest – and the faster you ingest it – the stronger the effects.</p>
<p>Spirits have a higher concentration of alcohol (40 per cent) than beer (5 per cent) or wine (12 per cent) and are often downed quickly, either in shots or with a sweet mixer. This rapidly increases blood alcohol concentration, and therefore alcohol’s effects, including changes in mood.</p>
<p>The same goes for mixing drinks. You might have heard the saying “Beer before liquor, never been sicker; liquor before beer, you’re in the clear”, but again it’s the amount of alcohol that might get you into trouble rather than mixing different types.</p>
<p>Mixing a stimulant (like an energy drink) with alcohol can also mask how intoxicated you feel, allowing you to drink more.</p>
<p>You can reduce the risk of extreme mood changes by drinking slowly, eating food before and while you drink, and spacing alcoholic drinks with water, juice or soft drink. Stick to drinking within the Australian <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol-guidelines" target="_blank">alcohol guidelines</a></strong></span> of no more than four standard drinks on a single occasion.</p>
<p><strong>Party animals and bad eggs</strong></p>
<p>Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, which means it slows the brain’s functioning. Alcohol’s effects include reducing activity in the part of the brain that regulates thinking, reasoning and decision-making, known as the <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://universe-review.ca/I10-80-prefrontal.jpg" target="_blank">prefrontal cortex</a></strong></span>. Alcohol also decreases inhibitions and our ability to regulate emotions.</p>
<p>“In vino veritas” (in wine there is truth) is a saying that suggests that when drinking we are more likely to reveal our true selves. While that’s not completely accurate, the changes in mood when someone is drinking often reflect underlying personal styles that become less regulated with alcohol on board.</p>
<p>Studies of <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791902/" target="_blank">aggression and alcohol</a></strong></span>, for example, show that people who are normally irritable, cranky or low in empathy when they are not drinking are more likely to be aggressive when their inhibitions are lowered while drinking.</p>
<p>As with all drugs, the effect alcohol has on your mood is a combination of the alcohol itself, where you are drinking it and how you’re feeling at the time.</p>
<p>So does alcohol make you crazy, mean or sad? If it does, you were probably a bit that way inclined already, and if you believe it enough it may just come true.</p>
<p><em>Written by Nicole Lee. Republished with permission of <a href="http://theconversation.com/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Conversation</span></strong></a>.<img width="1" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/88247/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" alt="The Conversation"/> </em></p>
