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7 things you should know before getting a gel manicure

<p><strong>Are gel manicures good for your nails?</strong></p> <p>Opting for regular nail polish sometimes seems like a waste since the colour easily chips off. One alternative, gel manicures, lasts much longer and generally costs more, too. It could be worth the investment if you avoid common mistakes and remember these things before your first gel manicure.</p> <p><strong>The benefits of gel nails</strong></p> <p>“The perks of a gel manicure include its longevity (often ten days or more!),” says Mabelyn Martin, creative director at Paintbox nail studio. Unlike regular polish, which can chip after two to three days, they’re borderline indestructible, which makes them ideal for weddings, special occasions and holidays. </p> <p>Plus, gel manicures cure in seconds, Martin explains, so you can leave the salon without worrying about smudging your manicure. She also adds that while the gel is on your nails, it’s like wearing a layer of protective armour that keeps your nails from breaking.</p> <p><strong>Be wary of UV light with gel manicures</strong></p> <p>The application of gel is not totally different from the application of a traditional polish, with the exception of the curing process under the UV-emitting lamps, according to dermatologist, Dr Chris G. Adigun. And therein lies the potential problem. “These lamps are not to be underestimated, even though the exposure times are brief,” Dr Adigun says. </p> <p>“They are very powerful and are emitting UVA rays far more powerful than those emitted by the sun.” She recommends purchasing a UVA-blocking sleeve, and bringing it to the nail salon to wear while your gel polish is curing. LED lights are actually no safer than traditional fluorescent UV lamps. In fact, according to Dr Adigun, they emit exponentially more powerful UVA rays, which is why the curing times are shorter.</p> <p><strong>Gel nails need to be applied properly </strong></p> <p>It’s not just the UV light that’s potentially damaging. While an experienced nail tech will always make sure the correct lamp is used with the proprietary gel polish for the recommended amount of time, it’s easy to mess up the steps. “Any alteration in these variables can lead to polish that is over-cured to the nail plate that becomes very difficult to remove,” explains Dr Adigun. </p> <p>“A properly applied gel should literally ‘float’ off the nail with the acetone soak. However, when a gel is not properly cured, it will not come off, and needs to be manually chipped off, which is very traumatising to the nail plate.”</p> <p><strong>Gel manicures may weaken your nails</strong></p> <p>There is evidence to suggest that the gel manicure process can lead to dehydration and thinning of the nail plate. “In one study, nail plate thickness was measured both before and after a gel manicure, and thinning of the nail was observed,” notes Dr Adigun. She says that acetone is known to thin the nail plate but the gel polish may contribute to the thinning as well.</p> <p><strong>Remove gel polish gently </strong></p> <p>Removing gel polish doesn’t have to mean complete nail destruction. For the most part, nail technicians remove soft gels with an acetone soak-off process. “Gently file the surface of the nail to initiate the break-down of the outer coat of the gel,” says influential manicurist and nail artist Jin Soon Choi. </p> <p>Next, place a small piece of acetone-soaked cotton and cover with tin foil. Pro tip: placing nails into a nitrile glove will speed up the process. After 7 to 10 minutes, the gel should be crinkling up.</p> <p><strong>Don't get gel manicures too often</strong></p> <p>According to Dr Adigun, it’s absolutely fine to get gel manicures every once in a while. “I simply recommend to my patients that they take gel manicure detoxes intermittently to allow their nails to rehydrate and repair.”</p> <p><strong>Moisturise your nails post-gel manicure</strong></p> <p>“You need to do major moisturising after you remove a gel manicure,” Choi says. “Soak your nails in a warm lotion that contains vitamin E and use cuticle oil as often as possible.” Choi also suggests indulging in a salon paraffin treatment to aid in recovery. This will help repair any damage and strengthen nails.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/healthsmart/beauty/7-things-you-should-know-before-getting-a-gel-manicure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>. </em></p>

Beauty & Style

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New type of gel helps the medicine go down

<p class="spai-bg-prepared">Swallowing tablets can be a challenge for most children and some adults, but scientists have come to the rescue with a new drug-delivering oleogel that can make it easier to consume a variety of medicines.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">According to a <a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm8478" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">new study</a>, the gels are made from plant-based oils and can be prepared in a variety of textures – from a thickened drink to a gel with yogurt-like consistency. This could help adults who have difficulty swallowing pills, such as older people or those who have suffered a stroke.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">The gels have also been designed to remain stable at 40°C for two weeks, and even up to 60°C for one week. This could make them especially helpful for children in developing nations, where the gels might be transported in vehicles without refrigeration. </p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">“Given the simplicity of the system and its low cost, it could have a tremendous impact on making it easier for patients to take medications,” says senior author Giovanni Traverso, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a gastroenterologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, US.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">Existing strategies for people unable to swallow pills have relied on dissolving drugs in water, but this requires a water-soluble medicine, as well as access to clean water and refrigeration. It can also be difficult to achieve the right dosage for children if the pills used are meant for adults.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">To avoid these issues, the interdisciplinary research team focused on the potential of oil-based gels, also known as oleogels, for drug delivery.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">The researchers explored several different types of plant-derived oils, including sesame, cottonseed and flaxseed oil. By combining these oils with edible gelling ingredients – such as beeswax and rice bran wax – they found they could control the texture depending on the type of oil and gelling agent, and their concentrations.</p> <div class="newsletter-box spai-bg-prepared"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p193139-o1" class="wpcf7 spai-bg-prepared" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> </div> </div> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">To identify the most palatable oleogels, the researchers worked with a consulting firm specialising in consumer sensory experiences to narrow down the oleogels to those made from oils with a neutral or slightly nutty flavour.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">“That approach gave us the capacity to deliver very hydrophobic drugs that cannot be delivered through water-based systems,” says lead author Ameya Kirtane, former MIT postdoctoral researcher and current instructor in medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “It also allowed us to make these formulations with a really wide range of textures.”</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">They then tested delivering three oil-soluble (hydrophobic) drugs from the World Health Organization’s (<a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://www.who.int/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">WHO</a>) list of <a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.03" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">essential medicines for children</a>: praziquantel, used to treat parasitic infections; lumefantrine, used to treat malaria; and azithromycin, used to treat bacterial infections.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">The tests showed that in pigs the oleogels were able to deliver doses of these medicines equal to or greater than the amounts absorbed from tablets, and that a water-soluble <a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/medicine/antibiotic-resistance-millions-years/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">antibiotic</a> (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) could also be successfully delivered.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">“Based on that list, infectious diseases really stood out in terms of what a country needs to protect its children,” Kirtane says. “A lot of the work that we did in this study was focused on infectious-disease medications, but from a formulation standpoint, it doesn’t matter what drug we put into these systems.”</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">A phase I clinical trial of the oleogel formulation of azithromycin should be underway within the next few months.</p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" class="spai-bg-prepared" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=193139&title=New+type+of+gel+helps+the+medicine+go+down" width="1" height="1" /></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/oleogels-alternative-medicine-delivery/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/imma-perfetto" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Imma Perfetto</a>. Imma Perfetto is a science writer at Cosmos. She has a Bachelor of Science with Honours in Science Communication from the University of Adelaide.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p> </div>

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Low-cost gel film pulls clean drinking water from desert air, raising hopes of quenching the world’s driest communities

<p class="spai-bg-prepared">One in three people lives in <a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://www.un.org/en/events/desertification_decade/whynow.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">drylands</a>, areas covering more than 40% of the Earth’s surface that experience significant water shortages.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">Scientists and engineers have now developed a new material that could help people living in these areas access <a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/water/an-answer-to-the-clean-water-crisis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">clean drinking water</a> by capturing it right out of the atmosphere, according to a new study in <em class="spai-bg-prepared">Nature Communications</em>.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">They’ve developed a gel film that costs just $2 per kilogram to produce and can pull water from the air in even the driest climates; 1kg of it can produce more than 6 litres per day in less than 15% relative humidity (RH), and 13 litres in areas with up to 30% RH.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">Relative humidity is the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolute humidity.  So a 100% RH means that the air is completely saturated with water vapour and cannot hold any more. People tend to feel most comfortable between 30% and 50%, and arid climates have less than 30% RH.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">These results are promising, as previous attempts to pull water from the desert air have typically been energy-intensive and not very efficient.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">“This new work is about practical solutions that people can use to get water in the hottest, driest places on Earth,” says senior author Guihua Yu, professor of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas in Austin, US. “This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water-generating devices at home that they can easily operate.”</p> <div class="newsletter-box spai-bg-prepared"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p192317-o1" class="wpcf7 spai-bg-prepared" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> <form class="wpcf7-form mailchimp-ext-0.5.61 spai-bg-prepared resetting" action="/technology/gel-film-desert-drinking-water/#wpcf7-f6-p192317-o1" method="post" novalidate="novalidate" data-status="resetting"> <p class="spai-bg-prepared" style="display: none !important;"><span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap referer-page spai-bg-prepared"><input class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text referer-page spai-bg-prepared" name="referer-page" type="hidden" value="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/" data-value="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/" aria-invalid="false" /></span></p> <p><!-- Chimpmail extension by Renzo Johnson --></form> </div> </div> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">The gel is made with <a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/hydroxypropyl-cellulose" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hydroxypropyl cellulose</a> (HPC) which is produced from cellulose, and a common kitchen ingredient called <a class="spai-bg-prepared" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813016310339" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">konjac glucomannan</a>, as well as lithium chloride salt (LiCl). It forms a hydrophilic (water attracting) porous film with a large surface area that collects the water vapour from air.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">“The gel takes two minutes to set simply. Then, it just needs to be freeze dried, and it can be peeled off the mould and used immediately after that,” explains Weixin Guan, a doctoral student on Yu’s team and a lead researcher of the work.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">And, because the cellulose is thermo-responsive, it becomes hydrophobic (water repelling) when heated which allows the collected water to be released within 10 minutes through mild heating at 60 °C.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">This means that the overall energy needed to produce the water is minimised. The film is also flexible, can be moulded into a variety of shapes and sizes, and producing it requires only the gel precursor – which includes all the relevant ingredients poured into a mould.</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">“This is not something you need an advanced degree to use,” says lead author Youhong “Nancy” Guo, a former doctoral student in Yu’s lab and now a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “It’s straightforward enough that anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.”</p> <p class="spai-bg-prepared">And because it’s so simple, the authors say the challenges of scaling the technology up and achieving mass usage are reduced.</p> <p><!-- Start of tracking content syndication. Please do not remove this section as it allows us to keep track of republished articles --></p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" class="spai-bg-prepared" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=192317&amp;title=Low-cost+gel+film+pulls+clean+drinking+water+from+desert+air%2C+raising+hopes+of+quenching+the+world%E2%80%99s+driest+communities" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><!-- End of tracking content syndication --></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/gel-film-desert-drinking-water/">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/imma-perfetto">Imma Perfetto</a>. Imma Perfetto is a science writer at Cosmos. She has a Bachelor of Science with Honours in Science Communication from the University of Adelaide.</em></p> <p><em>Image: The University of Texas at Austin/Cockrell School of Engineering</em></p> </div>

Technology

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Doctors issue warning: How your gel and acrylic nails may be affecting your health

<p>With nail salons around the country advertising their services at affordable prices, the popularity of gel and acrylic nails have hit its peak. More long-wearing than your standard manicure, it’s the most convenient option for women on the go.</p> <p>But as the saying goes: if it’s too good to be true, it probably is. New research has shown that a certain chemical found in both treatments can cause adverse reactions if not applied properly. Dermatologists in both the UK and Ireland have officially issued a health warning about the methacrylate chemical – a substance that is found in almost all gel and acrylic nails, which is causing an “allergy epidemic” across the two countries.</p> <p>Allergy tests of 4,931 patients across 13 dermatology units were assessed to come to this outcome, as results showed that at least 2.4 per cent of those people could be suffering from this allergy. Another study conducted in 2017 by the British Association of Dermatologists discovered that the chemical was most likely to cause a reaction when it touches the skin, with side effects including loosening nails or a red and itchy rash that can appear anywhere on the body.</p> <p>Those affected the most were nail technicians who come into regular contact with the chemical and those who attempt to do their own manicures at home rather than seeing a professional. </p> <p>The moral of the story? Go see a qualified nail technician and dump the at-home nail kits in the bin.</p> <p>Do you prefer to do your own nails or get someone else to do it for you? Let us know in the comments.</p>

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6 clever uses for silica gel bags

<p>The tiny packets of silica gel are a mainstay of new bags and shoes, and are often thrown out as soon as a new item is purchased. But they actually have a range of practical uses!</p> <p>An ordinary 10g bag of silica gel can absorb up to four grams of water, which lends it to a variety of practical purposes. We’ve taken a look at a few you should try next time you get a pack.</p> <p><strong>1. Preserving old photos and books</strong></p> <p>A few packets of silica gel placed strategically in a photo album can ensure your memories will be preserved for years to come, while packets placed in dusty old books can get rid of any bad smells.</p> <p><strong>2. Keeps your make-up bag fresh</strong></p> <p>To help stop powder-based products in your makeup bag from becoming too sticky, you can simply place a few silica pouches in your make-up bag, which will keep it fresh as a daisy.</p> <p><strong>3. Saving drowned phones</strong></p> <p>Of course, there are some cases where your phone will be too far gone, but if you’ve dropped your phone in a pool, puddle or even a toilet try leaving it in a bowl of silica bags. This variation on the bowl of rice method is said to be 10 times more effective.</p> <p><strong>4. No more smelly gym bags</strong></p> <p>Gym bags generally smell the opposite of good after they’ve been full of damp clothes and sneakers all days. By a few silica gel packets in your gym bag can help eliminate dampness, and rob the bacteria in the bag of the moisture it requires to thrive. A useful solution!</p> <p><strong>5. Keep silver items shiny</strong></p> <p>Tarnish is a layer of corrosion on silver caused by the reaction with the material and chemicals in the air, and humidity increases this considerably. To protect your fine silver, wrap it in silica gel packets.</p> <p><strong>6. Packing wet clothes</strong></p> <p>How many times have you been leaving a hotel with damp clothes and no choice to pack them in with the rest of your luggage? A few packets of silica gel helps eliminate dampness in your suitcase.</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><a href="/news/news/2015/12/how-to-become-happier-with-age/"><strong>How you can become happier with age</strong></a></em></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><a href="/news/news/2015/12/spot-the-cat-hidden-in-this-picture/"><strong>Can you spot the cat hidden in this picture?</strong></a></em></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><a href="/news/news/2015/12/why-coffee-can-be-good-for-you/"><strong>Why giving up coffee could do you more harm than good</strong></a></em></span></p>

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