Placeholder Content Image

You’re probably brushing your teeth wrong – here are four tips for better dental health

<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clement-seeballuck-583867">Clement Seeballuck</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-dundee-955">University of Dundee</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nicola-innes-388237">Nicola Innes</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-dundee-955">University of Dundee</a></em></p> <p>We all know the advice for healthy teeth – brush twice daily and don’t eat too much sugar. So why do those of us following these instructions find we sometimes need a filling when we visit the dentist? The truth is, there’s a little more to preventing tooth decay than these guidelines suggest. Here’s what you need to know.</p> <h2>Brush up on your skills</h2> <p>How you brush makes a big difference. The mechanical act of brushing removes the very sticky dental plaque – a mixture of bacteria, their acids and sticky byproducts and food remnants. It forms naturally on teeth immediately after you’ve eaten but doesn’t get nasty and start to cause damage to the teeth until it reaches a certain stage of maturity. The exact amount of time this takes isn’t known but is at least more than 12 hours.</p> <p>Bacteria consume sugar and, as a byproduct, produce acids which dissolve mineral out of the teeth, leaving microscopic holes we can’t see. If the process isn’t stopped and they aren’t repaired, these can become big, visible cavities.</p> <p>Taking two minutes to brush your teeth is a good target for removing plaque and you should brush at night and one other time daily. Brushing frequently stops the bacteria developing to a stage where the species which produce the most acid can become established.</p> <p>Electric toothbrushes can be <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD002281/ORAL_poweredelectric-toothbrushes-compared-to-manual-toothbrushes-for-maintaining-oral-health">more effective than manual brushing</a> and a small toothbrush head helps to reach awkward areas in the mouth, while medium-textured bristles help you clean effectively without causing harm to gums and teeth. The main thing, however, is to get brushing!</p> <h2>Use fluoride toothpaste and disclosing tablets</h2> <p>Most of the benefit from brushing comes from toothpaste. The key ingredient is fluoride, which evidence shows <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002278/full#CD002278-abs-0003">prevents tooth decay</a>. Fluoride replaces lost minerals in teeth and also makes them stronger.</p> <p>For maximum benefit, <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/CD007868/ORAL_comparison-between-different-concentrations-of-fluoride-toothpaste-for-preventing-tooth-decay-in-children-and-adolescents">use toothpaste with 1350-1500 ppmF</a> – that’s concentration of fluoride in parts per million – to prevent tooth decay.</p> <p>Check your toothpaste’s concentration by reading the ingredients on the back of the tube. <a href="https://theconversation.com/childrens-toothpaste-the-facts-80508">Not all children’s toothpastes are strong enough</a> for them to gain maximum benefit. Your dentist may prescribe higher strength fluoride toothpaste based on their assessment of your or your child’s risk of tooth decay.</p> <p>Plaque is difficult to see because it is whitish, like your teeth. Disclosing tablets are available in supermarkets and chemists and they make plaque more visible, showing areas you may have missed when brushing.</p> <h2>Spit, don’t rinse</h2> <p>At night, you produce less saliva than during the day. Because of this, your teeth have less protection from saliva and are more vulnerable to acid attacks. That’s why it’s important to remove food from your teeth before bed so plaque bacteria can’t feast overnight. Don’t eat or drink anything except water <a href="https://www.sign.ac.uk/assets/sign138.pdf">after brushing at night</a>. This also gives fluoride the longest opportunity to work.</p> <p>Once you’ve brushed, don’t rinse your mouth with water or mouthwash – you’re washing away the fluoride! This can be a difficult habit to break, but can <a href="https://www.sign.ac.uk/assets/sign138.pdf">reduce tooth decay by up to 25%</a>.</p> <h2>No more than four ‘sugar hits’</h2> <p>Intrinsic sugars are found naturally in foods like fruit and they are far less likely to cause tooth decay than added or <a href="https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/nutrition/sugar-salt-and-fat/free-sugars">free sugars</a>. Free sugars are generally those added to foods by manufacturers but also include honey, syrup and fruit juices.</p> <p>These are all easy for bacteria to consume, metabolise and produce acids from. However, it can be difficult to tell which are the worst sugars for teeth. For example, although normal amounts of fruit are fine, fruit juices have sugar liberated from the plant cells and heavy consumption can cause decay.</p> <p><a href="http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/sugars_intake/en/">The World Health Organization</a> and <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/food-and-diet/how-much-sugar-is-good-for-me/">NHS</a> recommend free sugars should ideally make up less than 5% of your daily calorie intake. So what does this look like? For adults and children over about 11 years old, this is around 30g – about eight teaspoons – of sugar daily.</p> <p>A 330ml can of Coke has <a href="https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/drinks/coca-cola/coca-cola">35g of sugar</a>. The <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.phe.c4lfoodsmart&amp;hl=en_GB">change4life app</a> is helpful to track how much sugar you consume in your diet.</p> <p>Although not as important as how much, how often you eat sugar also matters. Simple carbohydrates like sugar are easier for bacteria to digest than proteins or complex carbohydrates. Bacteria produce acids after they metabolise sugar which causes demineralisation.</p> <p>Fortunately, through the actions of fluoride toothpaste and the remineralising effects of saliva, your teeth can recover from the early stages of these attacks. It’s like having a set of scales – trying to keep the balance between sugars on one side, fluoride toothpaste and cleaning on the other.</p> <p>Typically, your teeth can be exposed to four “sugar hits” – episodes of sugar intake – daily without irreversible damage to the teeth. Why not try counting how many sugary hits you have a day? This includes biscuits, cups of sugary tea or coffee and other snacks with refined carbohydrates like crisps. A simple way of cutting down would be to stop putting sugar in hot drinks and limiting snacking.</p> <p>Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, spit don’t rinse, eat and drink nothing after brushing, and don’t have sugar more than four times daily. Easy!<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/103959/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clement-seeballuck-583867">Clement Seeballuck</a>, Clinical Lecturer in Paediatric Dentistry, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-dundee-955">University of Dundee</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nicola-innes-388237">Nicola Innes</a>, Professor of Paediatric Dentistry, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-dundee-955">University of Dundee</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock </em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/youre-probably-brushing-your-teeth-wrong-here-are-four-tips-for-better-dental-health-103959">original article</a>.</em></p>

Body

Placeholder Content Image

5 things we all do wrong in the shower

<p>While showering every day keeps us smelling fresh, it actually disturbs the natural bacteria on our skin and strips it of the oils that keep it supple. In fact, many shower habits can actually be very unhygienic. Experts reveal what we’re doing wrong, and what to do instead.</p> <p><strong>1.  Showering everyday </strong></p> <p>The University of California found that too much washing can actually be bad for you, because it strips away beneficial bugs that the body uses to help ward off infections. Apparently, if we simply wash our hands and below the belt regularly we can skip a full shower every day.</p> <p><strong>2.  Showering for too long </strong></p> <p>Water is an irritant, so the longer you’re in there, the more irritated and dry your skin will become. Oil from the sebaceous glands hydrate the skin, so showering for too long strips it of moisture.</p> <p><strong>3. Rubbing soap on your whole body</strong></p> <p>Soap dislodges dirt and oil from the body, allowing water to wash it away. But the skin on the arms and legs doesn't contain a lot of oil, so cleaning them with soap just makes them dry.  Instead, simply focus on the armpits, buttocks, groin and feet</p> <p><strong>4.  Letting the shower water blast over your face </strong></p> <p>A hot shower can cause and exacerbate fragile capillary networks in the cheeks, leading to unattractive, visible capillary networks and worsened impaired skin conditions, experts warn.</p> <p><strong>5.  Using a pouf </strong></p> <p>Poufs and loofahs are a haven for bacteria — the dead skin cells they scrub so well from our body get caught up in the nooks where bacteria can feed on them. Also, because poufs take time to dry and may well retain dead skin cells, it’s a potential source of infection. To keep it clean, wet your pouf and put it on a medium heat in the microwave for 30 to 60 seconds.</p> <p>How would you feel about skipping your daily shower, like one of these tips suggests? Let us now in the comments below.</p> <p><em>Image credit: Shutterstock</em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="../health/body/2016/03/ways-to-stay-active-in-winter/"><em>4 ways to stay active in winter</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="../health/body/2016/04/ways-weather-influences-your-health-and-behaviour/"><em>5 ways weather influences your health and behaviour</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="../%20http:/www.oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/04/how-to-get-the-best-lawn-for-winter/"><em>How to get the best lawn for winter</em></a></strong></span></p>

Beauty & Style

Placeholder Content Image

12 ‘healthy’ hygiene habits that are actually bad for you

<p><strong>Cleaning out your ears with cotton buds</strong></p> <p>Some people swear on cotton buds to dig out ear gunk, but medical experts will warn you not to try it. And for good reason – those seemingly harmless cotton swabs have caused countless catastrophes, from punctured eardrums and ear infections to even hearing loss. According to audiologist, Brande Plotnick, the ear canal doesn’t even need to be “cleaned.” Enough water enters the ear canal during showers to naturally slough away wax that has accumulated.</p> <p><strong>Bubble baths/bath bombs</strong></p> <p>Soaking in scented suds seems like the perfect way to unwind after a long day, but you may just find yourself with irritated skin and a nasty yeast infection. The fragrances and harsh detergents inside your favourite bath bombs can strip protective oils from the vagina and mess with the natural pH balance of the skin. Dr Jen Gunter tells Safe Bee that bubble baths increase your odds for uncomfortable dryness, vaginal infections, and even bladder infections.</p> <p><strong>Douching</strong></p> <p>Gynaecologists everywhere agree that douching isn’t exactly recommended for your vaginal health. Wendie A. Howland, principal of Howland Health Consulting, tells Reader’s Digest that douching disturbs the normal pH and washes out beneficial bacteria, leading to an array of possible infections. A study from Environmental Health even found that douching products increase your exposure to harmful chemicals called phthalates, which can disrupt your hormones, increase your risk of chronic disease, and lead to reproductive problems down the line.</p> <p><strong>Hand sanitiser</strong></p> <p>If you’re a habitual pumper, you may actually be doing more harm to your health than good. Triclosan, a synthetic compound found in hand sanitiser, is a poor (and dangerous) replacement for soap and water. Triclosan has been linked to disrupted hormonal development, a reduction in bacterial resistance and an increase in allergies. According to the Australian Department of Health, it can also irritate the eyes and skin.</p> <p><strong>Air dryers</strong></p> <p>Sure, air dryers are better for the planet than paper towels, but research from the Mayo Clinic shows that paper towels easily trump electric dryers when it comes to personal hygiene. Electric air dryers fail at wiping away the leftover bacteria after washing, and even worse, they can literally spread it to the entire room, creating a contagious mist that contains many types of faecal bacteria. This reach is pretty powerful – studies found a substantial number of airborne bacteria within a radius of approximately two metres from the user.</p> <p><strong>Relaxing in the shower</strong></p> <p>There’s nothing like lingering in a long, hot shower, especially first thing in the morning. But is it good for your skin? Dr Alan J. Parks warns that hot showers strip protective oils from your skin, so you should always keep them as short as you can. Better yet, take them at night – hot showers are actually most beneficial at night, according to science. The cooling process that happens afterward slows down the body’s metabolic activities (like digestion, breathing, and heart rate), making for an easier sleep transition.</p> <p><strong>Washing your hair every day</strong></p> <p>While most of us have been conditioned (pun intended) to rinse and repeat ad infinitum, your locks may be paying a toll. Washing your hair on a daily basis strips away the natural oils that the hair needs, leading to dry, brittle locks, even if you have oily hair.</p> <p><strong>Moisturising too much</strong></p> <p>If you have dry, itchy skin, it seems natural to want to slather on the lotion every chance you get. But this may not always be the smartest alternative. According to the experts at Garnier, applying excessive moisturiser at night can create a tolerance, which trains the skin to produce less natural emollient, making it even drier in the long run. This results in a vicious cycle where your skin is no longer producing necessary nutrients, which only causes you to moisturise more. To prevent the problem, apply just a thin coat of moisturiser or try using an oil-free balm instead.</p> <p><strong>Brushing your teeth right after a meal</strong></p> <p>Sticklers for oral hygiene may make a dash for the toothbrush after every meal, but that’s a mistake. That’s because certain foods, especially those containing citric acid, can weaken tooth enamel, and brushing too soon after eating damages the enamel in its already weakened state. Mayo Clinic recommends waiting at least 30 minutes after a meal so saliva can neutralise the acid in your mouth and strengthen the enamel on those chompers.</p> <p><strong>Exfoliating too much</strong></p> <p>You may feel like you’re taking extra good care of your skin with frequent scrubs, but in reality, you could be damaging your epidermis (the outermost layer of your face), stripping the pores of their much-needed barrier against the environment. According to Dermatology Alliance, your glands produce more oil to compensate, and as the skin fluctuates between too dry and too oily, it gets stuck in a cycle of imbalance. Ditch the scrub and switch to chemical exfoliants that are free of parabens and safe to use on a weekly basis.</p> <p><strong>Sneezing into your hand</strong></p> <p>Covering your sneeze with your hand is better than sneezing into the abyss, right? Nope. Using your hands and subsequently touching food, money, or other people is a clear recipe for contagion. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most serious respiratory illnesses are spread by touching objects with contaminated hands. The Australian Department of Health advises that you sneeze into your elbow.</p> <p><strong>Spritzing fragrance in underwear</strong></p> <p>Although most people have enough sense not to spray perfume directly into the nether regions, you might try deodorising your underwear instead. The truth is that anything chemical near the genitals can interfere with your natural pH, and it’s likely you’ll be stuck with a yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, or urinary tract infection (which ironically, all end up causing worse smells than what you started with). Do yourself a favour and let your self-cleaning vagina do the work – it knows what it’s doing.</p> <p><em><span id="docs-internal-guid-24a0eac6-7fff-617e-4982-daf64715b379">Written by Hana Hong. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/healthsmart/12-healthy-hygiene-habits-that-are-actually-bad-for-you" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader’s Digest</a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA87V" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here’s our best subscription offer.</a></span></em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Beauty & Style

Placeholder Content Image

Ask the experts: Is teeth whitening bad for your teeth?

<p>If you’re anything like me, celebrity smiles and Colgate ads make you feel guilty about your regular consumption of coffee, red wine, tea, and all the other fun things we’re told will stain our teeth.</p> <p>And the solution seems so easy – a box of whitening strips from the supermarket shelf tells us so. But does whitening teeth also remove some of what keeps them healthy? And might they be more easily stained afterwards?</p> <p>We asked five experts if whitening is bad for teeth.</p> <p><strong>Five out of five experts said no…</strong></p> <p>But they all had a pretty big caveat. It’s safe provided it’s done by a dentist. So for this you’re looking at upwards of a few hundred dollars, rather than just a trip to the supermarket.</p> <p>Here are their detailed responses:</p> <p><strong>Alexander Holden – Dentist</strong></p> <p>“Provided a custom-fitted tray is used to keep the whitening agent in contact with the teeth and away from the mouth's delicate soft tissues such as the gums and the oral mucosa (skin of the mouth), <a href="https://theconversation.com/50-shades-whiter-what-you-should-know-about-teeth-whitening-102474">whitening is safe</a>. Non-dentists can provide agents that release up to 6% Hydrogen peroxide; while lower than the concentrations dentists can use, this is still strong enough to cause damage if improperly used.”</p> <p><strong>Kelly-Anne Hennessy – Dentist</strong></p> <p>Tooth whitening is safe if it is provided by and monitored by a <a href="https://www.ada.org.au/getattachment/Your-Dental-Health/Resources-for-Professionals/Resources-for-Teens-12-17/Teeth-whitening-the-best-result-for-your-smile/Teeth-whitening,-getting-the-best-result-for-your-smile.pdf.aspx">registered dental professional</a>. It's important to have professionally-fitted dental trays and to use the correct concentration of whitening products for the correct amount of time. Some non-professional whitening products are acidic and can dissolve tooth enamel. Whitening is not recommended for people with a lot of sensitivity or who are pregnant or breast-feeding. Whitening will not whiten existing fillings.</p> <p><strong>Madhan Balasubramanian – Oral health research</strong></p> <p>While teeth whitening can be an effective treatment for patients, it's prudent to seek necessary guidance and expert advice from <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19543926">dental personnel</a>. A trained eye can help identify patient-specific reasons behind tooth discolouration, sensitivity to gums and desired cosmetic appearance. Initial chair-side assessment in a dental facility can help uncover these issues, before a viable solution is adopted.</p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/50-shades-whiter-what-you-should-know-about-teeth-whitening-102474">Teeth whitening</a> procedures performed by dental personnel can provide a more reliable solution for patients. Home-based teeth whitening materials prescribed and monitored by dental personnel have been shown to be safe, effective and suitable for patients during their home-based whitening treatment. But this doesn't apply to strips or gels you might find in supermarkets.</p> <p><strong>Michael Foley – Public health</strong></p> <p>Tooth whitening is usually safe for teeth. Most genuine tooth whitening products contain hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. Higher concentrations (only available through dentists) are more effective, with longer lasting whitening. Peroxides can also cause tooth sensitivity and irritation or chemical burns to the gums, mouth and throat. But providing care is taken, whitening can be achieved with minimal risks. A few words of caution though. Not all teeth are suitable for whitening, and fillings and crowns won’t change colour, so seek advice from your dentist first.</p> <p>Many products advertised as ‘tooth-whitening’ contain no peroxides, only abrasives. While they may remove tea, coffee and tobacco stains (and unfortunately even tooth enamel – some are very abrasive), they will not ‘whiten’ teeth. And finally, Hollywood white, newsreader white, and supermodel white are not natural tooth colours. Please don’t overdo it. A healthy smile is the most beautiful smile.</p> <p><strong>Rebecca Chan – Oral health therapist</strong></p> <p>No, but you need to be seeking the care of an oral health professional (dentist, oral health therapist, dental hygienist or dental therapist). They will first perform a thorough assessment to identify the cause of your tooth discoloration and inform you about whether in-office whitening is a suitable option for your teeth. In fact, they may provide you with better solutions. For example, if the discolouration is a result of extrinsic staining, commonly from foods, treatments to mechanically remove stains will be more effective.</p> <p>Dental hypersensitivity is often a side effect from any whitening procedure. If the whitening procedure is provided by an oral health practitioner, formulations will often have remineralising agents aimed to strengthen the tooth immediately after the treatment to minimise these possible side effects.</p> <p><em>Written by Alexandra Hansen. Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://theconversation.com/we-asked-five-experts-is-whitening-bad-for-teeth-120828"><em>The Conversation</em></a><em>.</em></p>

Beauty & Style

Placeholder Content Image

Do you wash this body part in the shower? Simple question sparks huge online debate

<p>Showering seems to be a pretty straightforward task – turn on the water, lather, clean and rinse. However, a simple question about a common shower habit has taken Twitter by storm, dividing people all over the Internet.</p> <p>The burning question came from American writer and graphic designer Conor Arpwel, who posted a poll on his account on Friday.</p> <p>“Do you wash your legs when you take a shower?” he asked.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">Do you wash your legs when you take a shower?</p> — Conor Arpwel 🌹🧰🌾 (@Arpwel) <a href="https://twitter.com/Arpwel/status/1126594900055793671?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 9, 2019</a></blockquote> <p>Within 24 hours, Arpwel’s post went viral with an overwhelming number of responses. At the time of writing, more than 816,000 people had voted on the poll, with the majority (81 per cent) saying they wash their legs.</p> <p>Many of the leg-washers have expressed confusion over the idea of skipping the lower body parts in the shower. “Are there people who do not feel the need to... wash their legs...” one asked.</p> <p>“I’ve spent awhile thinking about all the reasons not to wash every inch of your body while in the shower and I couldn’t find one,” another commented.</p> <p>“Everyone who voted no, think about all the toilet seats you’ve sat on and wash those thighs!” one urged.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-conversation="none"> <p dir="ltr">I wash everything. What is this question?</p> — Ms.TymberleeChanel (@TymberleeHill) <a href="https://twitter.com/TymberleeHill/status/1126964650233430016?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 10, 2019</a></blockquote> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-conversation="none"> <p dir="ltr">so people really just walking around with clean everything else but dirty legs I- <a href="https://t.co/C7EoUwRnrl">pic.twitter.com/C7EoUwRnrl</a></p> — 𝒥𝑜𝓇𝒹𝓎𝓃🧸 (@prettyprncesss) <a href="https://twitter.com/prettyprncesss/status/1127013395948089345?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 11, 2019</a></blockquote> <p>Non-leg-washers have their own explanation. “I only [wash my legs] if I’ve been bare legged or to the gym and they feel sweaty,” one shared. “I used to but when I got eczema on my legs I had to stop as soap made it worse and I was told not to use SLS soaps. It's bad for your skin and mostly unnecessary.”</p> <p>Another replied, “They've been safe inside my pants, the whole day. What's the problem?”</p> <p>One believed the trickle-down effect is enough to keep their lower body clean. “I feel like my legs don’t get dirty,” they wrote. “Plus, soap and shampoo run down my legs when I’m showering.”</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">Does the shower not automatically do that?</p> — The Sassiest Semite (@LittleMissLizz) <a href="https://twitter.com/LittleMissLizz/status/1127026932791566336?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 11, 2019</a></blockquote> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-conversation="none"> <p dir="ltr">I'm tired of hiding in the shadows, which is why I'm coming forward to say... I don't wash my legs. Soap is not good for your skin! I wash all the parts of me that get smelly, the soapy water washes over the rest of me, but I feel no need to scrub all of my skin, thanks</p> — ghostmeow 🌹 (@ghostmeow) <a href="https://twitter.com/ghostmeow/status/1126954148249915393?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 10, 2019</a></blockquote> <p>As the question’s creator, Arpwel stated his position on the matter. “Leg washing is an important component of my cleanliness regimen, but also I’m not out to get people who don’t wash their legs for various reasons,” he wrote.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">My name is Conor Arpwel and I am a leg washer<br /><br />Leg washing is an important component of my cleanliness regimen, but also I’m not out to get people who don’t wash their legs for various reasons<br /><br />I only meant for this whole thing to be a fun &amp; frivolous topic of conversation lol</p> — Conor Arpwel 🌹🧰🌾 (@Arpwel) <a href="https://twitter.com/Arpwel/status/1126889261129719816?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 10, 2019</a></blockquote> <p>A dermatologist has previously shared his two cents on the subject. “Unless your legs are visibly soiled, you don't actually need to wash them directly with a cleanser,” Joshua Zeichner, director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City told <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19902843/should-you-wash-your-legs/" target="_blank"><em>Women’s Health</em></a>. “The cleanser that drips down your body is enough to remove most of the dirt and sweat that accumulates during the day.”</p>

Home & Garden

Placeholder Content Image

Can you get food poisoning from your tea towel?

<p>Once upon a time it was the good old chopping board that was the major culprit for bacteria in the kitchen. However, a <a href="http://www.abstractsonline.com/pp8/#!/4623/presentation/15470">new study</a> has cited that the common tea towel is another breeding ground for harmful bacteria in your kitchen.</p> <p>Tests on 100 cloth towels were performed by researchers at the University of Mauritius and collected the data from participants over a month.</p> <p>The disturbing results found 49 out of the 100 samples contained bacterial growth, including E. Coli (Escherichia Coli) and MRSA (Staphylococcus Aureus).</p> <p>The research also found that E. Coli was more likely to generate on damp tea towels that had been left to sit, while MRSA bacteria had higher rates of detection in households with non-vegetarian eaters (meat, poultry, seafood etc).</p> <p><img width="400" height="300" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7819491/2-tea-towel.jpg" alt="2 Tea Towel"/></p> <p>Lead author Dr Susheela D. Biranjia-Hurdoyal, a senior lecturer in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of Mauritius, said: “The data indicated that unhygienic practices while handling non-vegetarian food could be common in the kitchen.”</p> <p>It was also found that households comprising of large families and those of a lower socio-economic background were prone to having higher rates of bacteria on their tea towels.</p> <p>“Humid towels and multipurpose usage of kitchen towels should be discouraged,” Dr Biranjia-Hurdoyal added.</p> <p>“Bigger families with children and elderly members should be especially vigilant to hygiene in the kitchen.”</p> <p>Symptoms of food poisoning include severe stomach cramps, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, minor headaches and fever.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>

Body

Placeholder Content Image

Have you been washing your hands wrong all this time?

<p>It’s something we do several times a day but that few of us really pay attention to – washing and drying our hands. Whether it’s after a trip to the loo or before preparing food, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23621052" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">a new study</span></strong></a> has found that just 5 per cent of people are washing and drying their hands correctly every time.</p> <p>As reported by <a href="http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170519-does-it-matter-how-you-wash-and-dry-your-hands" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">the BBC</span></strong></a>, the study of over 3,000 people found that staggering 10 per cent left public toilets without washing their hands, and of those who did, 33 per cent didn’t use soap. And this is a problem for all of us, since physical contact (whether person-to-person or person-to-surface) is one of the most common methods of spreading germs and bacteria.</p> <p>Studies have also found that the temperature of the water in which we wash our hands has <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1471-5740.2002.00043.x/full" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">no significant effect</span></strong></a> on the number of remaining bacteria, and that anti-bacterial soap was <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809180" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">no better</span></strong></a> than regular soap when it comes to killing germs.</p> <p>As for drying your hands afterwards, unless you’re in a hurry and don’t plan on touching anything while leaving the bathroom, wet hands are fine. However, bacteria are spread and picked up <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538484/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">more easily</span></strong></a> when the hands are wet, so it’s best to dry them if you can.</p> <p>And, the ultimate question – hand dryer or hand towel? Those jet dryers might be fast and effective at drying hands, but <a href="/health/body/2016/04/dyson-hand-dryer-spread-1300-times-more-germs-than-paper-towels/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">a study last year</span></strong></a> found they spread 1,300 times more germs than paper towels, blasting bacteria as far as three metres across the room. So, if you can, stick to paper towels.</p> <p>Are you guilty of any of these handwashing mistakes? Share your thoughts with us in the comments below.</p>

Body

Placeholder Content Image

What your mouth says about your health

<p>Someone’s smile is often one of the first things people notice about a person. But beyond making a good first impression, your mouth can also tell you a lot about your general health.</p> <p>It’s easy to live with certain issues that you may not think are a big deal. But in fact, issues with your teeth and mouth in general need to be attended to pronto, as they can lead to more serious issues down the track if left untreated.</p> <p>So what should you be looking out for?</p> <p><strong>Ulcers</strong></p> <p>Some people seem to be more susceptible to mouth ulcers. They tend to be either linked to stress or just from biting the inside of your mouth or tongue accidentally. If you find you are experiencing them regularly, or they don’t clear up after a few days, it could be worth investigating.</p> <ul> <li>Some people experience ulcers for no reason, or it could be when they are worried, or for women even a symptom of menstruation. They tend to go away on their own after a few days.</li> <li>You may experience ulcers when you have had some dental work done, and there is something like a sharp part of tooth rubbing against the inside of your cheek. It’s also common for people that wear braces or have a plate.</li> <li>Try taking paracetamol and rinsing your mouth out with warm salty water. You can also get some relief by using teething gel, which you can buy from the chemist.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bad breath</strong></p> <p>If might be something that you notice yourself, or perhaps some kind soul decides to tell you. Bad breath can be a sign of several potential issues.</p> <ul> <li>You may just need a visit to the dentist for a clean and polish, as bad breath can occur when there is some plaque build-up on your teeth.</li> <li>It could be a sign of illness. For instance gum disease, or some people even experience bad breath when they have a sore throat.</li> <li>You may have become a bit too relaxed with your oral hygiene routine. Are you brushing twice a day? Flossing? Using mouthwash?</li> <li>Certain foods and drinks can cause issues for some people. For instance coffee, garlic, onion, tuna. You may just need to get into the habit of keeping a spare toothbrush in your bag, or some gum/mints.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Sore, red gums</strong></p> <p>There is a big range in this area, as some people may experience mild discomfort while others have gums that are so painful they hurt to brush (or even bleed). Often it is a sign of gum disease but it can also be an indicator of other issues such as diabetes.</p> <ul> <li>Be sure to have regular checkups at the dentist if you have any tenderness or redness, as it’s something that is better treated early. If ignored it can lead to gum disease or even loss of teeth.</li> <li>Invest in a good quality toothbrush, or even an electric toothbrush, to ensure you are giving your teeth a thorough clean twice daily.</li> <li>Use sensitive toothpaste if you feel this may help. Especially if you find certain foods or temperatures make it feel worse.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Grinding teeth   </strong>              </p> <p>This can be a sign of stress and can often go unnoticed until your teeth are quite worn, or your jaw becomes sore.</p> <ul> <li>Sit down and think about any potential sources of stress in your life that may need addressing. Writing it down may help.</li> <li>Consider speaking with your dentist if you feel that the issue is causing problems with your teeth or jaw. There are options such as wearing a plate or guard when you are sleeping.</li> </ul>

Body

Placeholder Content Image

The shampoo trick that will transform your hair

<p>When you’re feeling like your hairstyle has fallen a little flat, it’s easy to dive for every product you can get your hairs on, hoping for a miracle fix. However, the answer to your hair woes can simply be found by changing up the shampoo your using.</p> <p>Celebrity hair stylist Jen Atkin revealed that her top trick is to use two different shampoos, both catering to different hair textures. “Because the hair at your scalp is different to the hair on the ends, especially if you have long hair," she explains.</p> <p>For example, if your hair is flat at the roots and dry and the ends, use a volumising shampoo for your scalp and a smoothing shampoo for the ends.</p> <p>What shampoo do you use on your hair? Let us know in the comments below. </p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/beauty-style/2016/10/gravity-defying-hairstyles/"><em>10 gravity-defying hairstyles that surprise people</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/beauty-style/2016/10/the-surprising-technique-for-fuller-thicker-eyebrows/"><em>The surprising technique for fuller, thicker eyebrows</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/beauty-style/2016/10/how-to-find-a-hairstyle-that-best-suits-your-face-shape/"><em>How to find a hairstyle that best suits your face shape</em></a></strong></span></p>

News

Placeholder Content Image

4 tips for staying fresh while travelling

<p>In our backpacking days questionable personal hygiene practices was all part of the travel experience. But nowadays we’d probably like to go on a holiday without feeling as though we’ve gone months without coming into contact with a basin!</p> <p>We’ve put together five trips for staying fresh while you’re on holidays. The interesting odours you pick up on the road are souvenirs you probably shouldn’t be taking home.</p> <p><strong>1. Hand sanitiser</strong></p> <p>We’ve all got that friend who amazes/troubles us with the liberal application of hand sanitiser, but there’s actually method to this madness. Brining a travel-sized, alcohol-based hand sanitiser guarantees you’ll have fresh, clean hands before every meal.</p> <p><strong>2. Sunscreen and/or moisturiser</strong></p> <p>Particularly when you’re in the more arid parts of the world, using sunscreen and/or moisturiser before you got outdoors is a crucial step to avoiding sunburn. It’s also worth bringing some lip balm along in your travel pack, if you’re susceptible to chapped lips.</p> <p><strong>3. Oral hygiene products</strong></p> <p>This can be a bit of a tricky one, particularly if your accommodation doesn’t have decent bathroom facilities. While you’ve probably got a decent selection of toiletries in your luggage, taking disposable mini-toothbrushes and even mints or gum on the road can be handy.</p> <p><strong>4. The right clothes</strong></p> <p>Nothing will make you feel dirtier than a wrinkled shirt, so it’s worth investing in some lightweight, wrinkle-free clothing that won’t look like a dog’s breakfast if you put it on after it’s been sitting in your suitcase a few days. Most travel retailers have a decent selection.</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/travel-tips/2016/05/10-more-travel-scams-to-watch-out-for/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>10 more travel scams to watch out for</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/travel/travel-tips/2016/05/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-travel-vaccinations/"><span><em><strong>6 things you need to know about travel vaccinations</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/travel/travel-tips/2016/05/10-ways-to-beat-travel-sickness/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>10 ways to beat travel sickness</strong></em></span></a></p>

Travel Tips

Placeholder Content Image

Your bed sheets could be making you sick

<p>After a long hard day there’s nothing better than to fall into a comfy bed for a restful night’s sleep, right? Maybe not, according to home hygiene expert Dr Lisa Ackerley, millions of tiny organisms, such as dust mites and dead, castaway skin cells live in our bed sheets.</p> <p>Our mattresses, doonas, and pillows are reservoirs of human skin cells, which encourages dust mites and increases our risk of suffering a cold as well allergies.</p> <p>But that’s not all – our bed linen can harbour bacteria that causes nasty illnesses like the flu and food poisoning. Dr Ackerley calls this "sick bed syndrome" and said most people don't realise it's happening to them.</p> <p>She told the <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3063876/Is-BED-making-ill-Expert-warns-dust-mites-germs-living-sheets-cause-asthma-hayfever-flu-food-poisoning.html">DailyMail:</a> “Humans shed half an ounce of skin week and a lot of that will be in the bed.</p> <p>“Dust mites like warm moist environments, the bed’s the perfect environment. They reproduce so there will be about 10 million per bed.</p> <p>“Often people are away in the day, so they shut the windows and the moisture stays in the house.</p> <p>“If you make the bed when you go out that traps the duvet and the moisture, and the dust mites have a great time.”</p> <p>She added, in two years around 10 per cent of the weight of a pillow will be made up of dust mites and their droppings.</p> <p>While dust mites themselves won’t cause you to get sick, their faeces and body fragments can irritate allergies, eczema, hay fever and asthma.</p> <p>"If people have a cold, it can survive on the bed linen and it can survive a wash. Someone with food poisoning could be excreting salmonella into the bed," Dr Ackerley added.</p> <p>So how exactly do you get rid of these dust mites and bacteria? Dr Ackerley recommends washing bed linens at a low temperature, using an antibacterial detergent. She also suggests keeping your widows open when possible to let some of the humidity and moisture out to reduce the likelihood of dust mites breeding in your sheets.</p> <p><strong>Related links: </strong></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: #ffffff;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; text-decoration: underline; color: #20831d; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" href="/news/news/2016/07/7-common-items-you-should-never-put-in-a-dryer/"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">7 common items you should never put in a dryer</span></em></a></strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: #ffffff;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; text-decoration: underline; color: #20831d; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" href="/news/news/2016/07/reason-buttons-on-mens-and-womens-shirts-are-on-opposite-sides/"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Reason buttons on men’s and women’s shirts are on opposite sides</span></em></a></strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: #ffffff;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; text-decoration: underline; color: #20831d; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/07/ways-you-are-doing-your-ironing-wrong/"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">10 ways you’re doing your ironing wrong</span></em></a></strong></span></p>

Home & Garden

Placeholder Content Image

The surprising thing that could get you kicked off a flight

<p>Body odour is a delicate issue. No one wants to embarrass their friend, family member or even a stranger by calling them out on their personal hygiene, but that’s what some flight staff are required to do.</p> <p>It’s long been a policy of certain airlines to ban odorous foods on aircrafts, but it turns out odorous people can also get the shaft. Many airlines (mostly American) have a clause in their passenger terms and conditions that states a traveller can be banned from boarding a flight if they have “offensive odour not caused by a disability or illness.”</p> <p>Australian airlines Qantas and Jetstar don’t specifically outline body odour in their policy but Virgin Australia maintains they can refuse a passenger or baggage item if it emits a foul odour.</p> <p>While it might seem a hard rule to enforce (just how smelly does one have to be?), it has actually been enacted before. A Frenchman onboard an American Airlines flight from Paris to Dallas was <a href="http://www.thelocal.fr/20140827/parisian-thrown-off-plane-over-body-odour" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">removed</span></strong></a> from the plane after passengers complained about his body odour. In 2010, another passenger was kicked off an Air Canada flight after their fellow travellers complained of his “brutal” smell. Ouch!</p> <p>What’s the worst thing you’ve ever had to deal with on a flight? Tell us your experience in the comments below!</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/travel/travel-tips/2016/08/4-secret-techniques-flight-attendants-use-to-avoid-jet-lag/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>4 secret techniques flight attendants use to avoid jet lag</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/travel/travel-tips/2016/08/6-strangest-items-people-have-smuggled-onto-flights/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>6 strangest items people have smuggled onto flights</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/travel/travel-tips/2016/08/how-to-visit-london-without-spending-a-fortune/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>How to visit London without spending a fortune</strong></em></span></a></p>

Travel Tips

Placeholder Content Image

Why you should always floss

<p>We always hear about the importance of flossing when we visit the dentist, but just how bad is it if you give the dental floss a miss once in a while? As it turns out, very bad.</p> <p>A startling number of us still aren’t flossing every day, and we’re paying the price. Brushing, no matter how efficiently and thoroughly you might think you’re doing it, simply isn’t enough. In fact, Dr Timothy Chase from SmilesNY said brushing and rinsing leaves your mouth half as clean as those who floss as well.</p> <p>“The bacteria that cause cavities and gum infection hide in the area between teeth and in the pockets under the gums—the only way to get them out is with dental floss,” he tells <a href="http://www.womansday.com/health-fitness/wellness/a55726/dental-floss/" target="_blank"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Woman’s Day</span></strong></em></a>. “Never flossing will eventually lead to cavities between the teeth and gum disease in most people.”</p> <p>Gum disease is the fifth-most commonly reported health issue among Australians, and despite what you might think, it’s an incredibly serious condition which could lead to losing teeth. “Gum disease causes inflammation of the gingival tissue and loss of the periodontal bone that supports the teeth,” Dr Alison Newgard from the Columbia University College of Dentistry explains.</p> <p>In fact, gum disease has even been linked to heart disease, Alzheimer’s and diabetes. So, if ever you needed a reason to up your flossing game, this is it.</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/07/8-things-you-can-clean-with-a-toothbrush/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>8 things you can (and should) clean with a toothbrush</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/07/10-surprising-uses-for-dental-floss/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>10 surprising uses for dental floss</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/health/body/2016/06/rules-for-denture-care/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>7 top tips for keeping your dentures like new</strong></em></span></a></p>

News

Placeholder Content Image

Shocking reason you shouldn’t line a public toilet seat with paper

<p>We’ve all done it – ducked into a public toilet and covered the toilet seat with paper to protect ourselves from germs when “hovering” isn’t an option. But, are we really saving ourselves from nasty bacteria? As it turns out, lining the seat with toilet paper might not be as hygienic as we first thought.</p> <p>Whether you’re using toilet paper to line the seat or one of the paper seat covers often found in public bathrooms, you actually might be better off leaving the seat bare.</p> <p>Toilet seats are designed specifically to repel germs, and they’re actually quite good at doing so – the shape and texture make it much more difficult for bacteria to hang on than you might think. Toilet paper and seat covers, on the other hand, are made to absorb, meaning they also absorb germs.</p> <p>In addition to germ-fighting toilet seats, our bodies are germ-fighting machines. Our skin alone is enough to form a barrier against bacteria, but it doesn’t really matter to begin with as most of the germs found on toilet seats is already found on our bodies!</p> <p>The best thing you can do to ensure protection against bathroom bacteria is with a good, thorough hand washing. Focus on the areas between your fingers as well as under your nails. If you can, opt for paper towels and avoid the air dryer, as they are <a href="/health/body/2016/04/dyson-hand-dryer-spread-1300-times-more-germs-than-paper-towels/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">notorious for spreading germs</span></strong></a>.</p> <p>We’re always hearing about how cutting boards and phone screens are <a href="/news/news/2016/05/8-things-filthier-than-a-toilet-seat/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">dirtier than toilet seats</span></strong></a>, and now you know the reason why!</p> <p>Share your tips for protecting yourself against germs in the comment section below.</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/07/5-very-dirty-things-in-bedrooms-people-arent-aware-of/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>5 very dirty things in bedrooms people aren’t aware of</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/news/news/2016/05/8-things-filthier-than-a-toilet-seat/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>8 things filthier than a toilet seat</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/health/body/2016/04/dyson-hand-dryer-spread-1300-times-more-germs-than-paper-towels/"><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Jet-air hand dryer spreads 1,300 times more germs than paper towels</strong></span></em></a></p>

News

Placeholder Content Image

How to safely remove earwax

<p>Earwax – for the most part you wouldn't know it's there.</p> <p>What it lacks in appeal, it makes up for in function, protecting the ear canal from infection. But if you have too much of the stuff, things can turn nasty. </p> <p>For the lowdown on earwax – both the good and bad – we asked someone who couldn't be more passionate about the subject, ear nurse Melitta Swanepoel from <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.theearclinic.co.nz/" target="_blank">The Ear Clinic</a></strong></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">.</span> Here's what we learnt.</p> <p><strong>1. What's the purpose of earwax?</strong></p> <p>It acts as a mechanical barrier: it shields the skin in the ear canal from excessive moisture and acts as an acidity regulator, providing an acid cloak that inhibits bacterial and fungal infections.</p> <p><strong>2. So it can protect us from germs and bacteria getting into the ear canal? But why so many ear infections then?</strong></p> <p>Yes, it shields the canal from infections.</p> <p>But infections can form when the acid balance is disrupted: for example, when lots of moisture builds up behind the wax in humid weather. Another example is when water gets caught behind wax after swimming or surfing. The moisture and water cannot get out and this produces the perfect medium for infection.</p> <p><strong>3. Do some people produce more earwax than others? And why?</strong></p> <p>Some people make a lot of wax and that's purely because of genetic reasons. Wax is made by small glands just inside the ear opening.</p> <p><strong>4. What problems can too much earwax cause? </strong></p> <p>Too much earwax can affect your hearing because, if your ear canal is blocked, sound waves can't penetrate down to the ear drum. And there's an increased chance of getting an infection because humidity or water that builds up behind the wax can't make itself out.</p> <p>For some people, there is pain around the jaw and neck, and there can be difficulty with pain when flying, and tinnitus or ringing in the ears.</p> <p><strong>5. What is the best way to remove earwax on a regular basis – do you recommend cotton swabs or just leaving it to remove itself naturally?</strong></p> <p>Wax naturally travels out from the ear canal to your ear opening. You don't need to remove it as it typically dries up and falls out. You could clean it lightly with a wet tissue or cloth. We don't promote using cotton buds or swabs as they can puncture the ear drum.</p> <p>The best and safest way to remove wax professionally is through the suction method. This is done while using a microscope so everything can be seen in the canal, while the ear is being cleaned, as opposed to the syringe method where the ears are syringed out blindly.</p> <p><strong>6. Universally, people think earwax is a bit icky. Do we need to reassess our attitude to this important bodily secretion?</strong></p> <ul> <li>Earwax is not dirty. It is there for an important purpose, and only gets dirty when it gets infected.</li> <li>Finally, some important notes around ear care.</li> <li>If your ears are itchy and you are not hearing so well, you most likely need them cleaned.</li> <li>If they feel sore and are sticky and weepy, you need to get them seen as soon as possible, as you most likely have an infection. This wax must be suctioned out so the antifungal or antibiotic drops can get in. These ears must never be syringed as this would make the infection worse.</li> <li>Children with middle ear infections and children with grommets should have their ears checked regularly with a microscope so that any wax gathering around old grommets can be removed.</li> <li>Surfers need to have their ears viewed at least once under a microscope as they can develop bony hills in their ears caused by the ear canal trying to protect itself from cold water. Wax can gather around these hills and cause bad blockages.</li> <li>Swimmers who are competitive have to take extra care to keep their ears dry when they get out of the pool. They can invest in custom-made earplugs that help keep the ear dry; lightly blow drying the ears (while drying hair) can keep them dry, too.</li> <li>Lastly, mothers shouldn't let children put their heads under in the bath as this can cause chronically sticky, infected ears. </li> </ul> <p>Does this article change the way you think about earwax? Let us know in the comments below.</p> <p><em>Written by Aileen Nakhle, first appeared on <a href="http://Stuff.co.nz" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stuff.co.nz.</span></strong></a></em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/health/hearing/2016/03/how-to-get-water-out-of-your-ear/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">7 ways to get water out of your ear </span></strong></em></a></p> <p><a href="/health/hearing/2016/05/how-to-protect-your-ears-from-the-cold/"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">How to protect your ears from the cold</span></em></strong></a></p> <p><a href="/health/hearing/2016/05/problems-that-arise-from-untreated-hearing-loss/"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">4 problems that arise from untreated hearing loss</span></em></strong></a></p>

Hearing

Placeholder Content Image

Is it possible for your house to be too clean?

<p>Our houses are cleaner than they ever have been before. Our soaps are antibacterial. Our cleaning products promise to kill 99.9 per cent of germs. Many of us keep hand sanitiser in our top drawers. The swarms of bacteria that lurk on your children’s hands and your dog’s tongue and paws don’t stand a chance against these antimicrobial safeguards. Because ever since we were kids, we’ve been taught that microbes are evil, plain and simple.</p> <p>But how clean is too clean? Could a sterile home actually be putting your family’s health at risk?</p> <p>That’s the theory behind the long perpetuated “Hygiene Hypothesis”. Developed by British epidemiologist David Strachan in 1989, it suggests that exposure to infections during childhood helps build defences in the future. According to the theory, the lack of exposure to microbes leads to a weak immune system, increasing chances of developing hay fever, asthma, eczema and allergies later on.</p> <p>Call it the downside of living in the developed world – where antibacterial chemicals are ubiquitous, our houses are artificially antiseptic, and fewer children in the average home mean less exposure to viruses – but Australians may be, from a health standpoint, too clean for their own good.</p> <p>Have we sanitised our children into itchy, allergy-ridden messes whenever they’re an inch away from pollen? An allergy is, in fact, our immune system going haywire by perceiving a harmless substance as something harmful. When not accustomed to certain microbes – even the “friendly” ones – our bodies may treat them as attackers and overreact because they don’t know how to live with them.</p> <p>That’s despite 99 per cent of microbes actually being good for us. Many contribute to our health, producing vitamins in our guts, coating our skin to protect us from more harmful microbes, and helping us digest food. </p> <p>And then there’s another thing to consider: Disinfectant sprays and wipes, despite what those fearmongering, animated TV commercials would have you believe, aren’t actually that effective in eliminating bacteria.</p> <p>There’s evidence to show that they are able to kill organisms when used on a surface area, but within seconds, new organisms settle down from the air and replace them. As such, wiping down the kitchen counter and bathroom sink every few minutes doesn’t actually do much to change the number of microbes dwelling there.</p> <p>So, how can we avoid disease from the bad bacteria, without eliminating the good bacteria? Is it possible to find a balance between being obsessively clean and cleverly cautious to protect those under your roof? At the end of the day, it’s not about excessive cleaning, but timely cleaning. As opposed to a weekly deep clean with bleach and pine-scented antiseptics, good hygiene should be a daily consideration, built into everyday habits. This includes washing contaminated chopping boards immediately after cutting raw meat or fish, closing the toilet lid before flushing, laundering towels and linen in 60-degree water and drying them properly, practising “blow and throw” with your tissues, washing tea towels after every use, pyjamas weekly, and not sharing facecloths and other personal care items with anyone else in the house.</p> <p>Our health has more to do with behaviours such as good hand hygiene than making sure we’re using industrial-strength chemicals. We carry resistant bacteria in the gut, so washing your hands thoroughly after going to the toilet and playing with pets, who have a habit of harbouring harmful organisms, is key in preventing infections. (And simply rinsing isn’t enough. To thoroughly rid your mitts of the nasties, lather up with soap and rub for at least 15 seconds, scrubbing both sides and up your arms – like you see doctors do before surgery – before drying thoroughly.) With cold and flu season just around the corner, consider this your #PSA for the day.</p> <p>Do you think people today are too concerned with cleanliness? Tell us your opinion in the comments below.</p> <p><em>Written by Kathleen Lee-Joe. First appeared on <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.domain.com.au/" target="_blank"><strong>Domain.com.au.</strong></a></span></em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/05/cleaning-tricks-you-should-never-try-at-home/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>10 cleaning tricks you should never try at home</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/04/household-cleaners-hiding-in-your-pantry/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>5 household cleaners hiding in your pantry</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/04/infographic-house-cleaning-schedule/"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The ultimate house cleaning schedule</span></em></strong></a></p>

Home & Garden

Placeholder Content Image

12 common bathroom habits that are unhygienic

<p>Cleaning the bathroom isn’t usually high on anyone’s favourite things to do list. But luckily, compared to other rooms in your home it is usually one of the cleaner spaces.</p> <p>Most likely it’s the fact that the surfaces of a bathroom show up dirt and grime faster, and we are more aware of the need to clean them up compared to say your bedroom or lounge room.</p> <p>But if you’re guilty of any of these bathroom “no-nos,” you might be exposing yourself to germs, bacteria and viruses.</p> <p><strong>1. Not replacing your toothbrush</strong></p> <p>After you’ve been sick, it’s important to replace your toothbrush to avoid reinfecting yourself or others who share your bathroom. All the germs from your saliva go into the bristles and can survive for several weeks.</p> <p><strong>2. Storing toothbrushes in one cup</strong></p> <p>So many households keep all of the family’s toothbrushes in one small cup, which means the bristles will intermingle at some point. This quickly transfers germs from one family member to another, and also causes the bottom of the cup to become slimy and mouldy. A better solution is to store the brushes separately in their own cups or in a holder with individual spaces for each brush. Wash the holder regularly by popping in the dishwasher.</p> <p><strong>3. Using a soap dish</strong></p> <p>When soap just sits in a plastic dish without being able to drain water away, it is inevitable that it will become a haven for germs. One side of the soap will always be wet and this will allow the germs to grow and multiply. So either store your soap on a wire shower caddy where it can drain excess water, or toss it all out and use shower gel instead.</p> <p><strong>4. Living with a mouldy shower curtain</strong></p> <p>Don’t wait until you can see the mould to clean your shower curtain. As mould spores are so tiny it’s likely that if you wait you will have billions of mould spores sharing the shower with you. Either replace the curtain if it’s really mouldy, or scrub it with undiluted bleach and leave in the sun to dry.</p> <p><strong>5. Sharing one hand towel</strong></p> <p>Towels are a breeding ground for germs, as they are often moist. Sure, most people use the towel after washing their hands, but you just don’t know how good everyone is at washing their hands – and what if someone has also used it to dry their face after brushing their teeth? It’s best to have a towel for each person in the home to use and get him or her washed once a week.</p> <p><strong>6. Leaving damp towels in the bathroom</strong></p> <p>If your towels are all on the same hook or towel rack, it’s virtually impossible for them all to dry properly. Mildew breeds rapidly and you get the dreaded ‘towel smell’. Sharing the space also allows germs to spread from person to person, so it’s best to dry each one in their own space and launder them once a week at the minimum.</p> <p><strong>7. Storing razors in the shower</strong></p> <p>You may not have thought of this one but a razor kept in a wet shower will quickly become covered in bacteria and go rusty. Try drying it off after use and storing in the bathroom cupboard instead.</p> <p><strong>8. Using razors for too long</strong></p> <p>Nobody likes forking out for the expensive disposable razors, but many of us are guilty of using them well past their best. Ideally we should be replacing them after five uses, so that we avoid rust and germs accumulating.</p> <p><strong>9. Not replacing loofahs and sponges regularly</strong></p> <p>Another item that can quickly build up a whole host of germs and bacteria is your loofah or sponge. They remove skin cells when you scrub and these can stay on the sponge. They are best replaced every three months, and ideally should be dried outside of the shower between uses.</p> <p><strong>10. Living with a dirty toilet bowl</strong></p> <p>Don’t wait until you can see that your toilet bowl is dirty before you give it a scrub. The inside of the toilet causes as much illness as the toilet seat itself. Every time you flush, the droplets of water from the toilet will spray almost 6 feet from the bowl, meaning your towels, taps and toothbrushes are all at risk of contamination. Scrub your loo at least once a week with bleach or toilet cleaner to keep it safe.</p> <p><strong>11. Not cleaning the doorknob and light switch</strong></p> <p>So often we forget to clean these often-touched surfaces when we scrub the bathroom. But everyone touches them, and if you think about the fact that you are sharing germs with someone who just forgot to wash their hands or threw up from a stomach bug – it can be enough to make your stomach churn. Use an antibacterial wipe once or twice a week, or more regularly if any household member is ill.</p> <p><strong>12. Not scrubbing the bathroom floor regularly</strong></p> <p>It’s not just the shower that can spread athlete’s foot or other fungus from your feet. Your bathroom floor is a breeding ground for mould and fungus as it is generally wet from the shower and also coated in droplets from the toilet (nice). If you fail to mop and scrub it regularly it can mean that germs are walked all around your home, leaving you at risk of disease. Do a weekly mop with disinfectant or bleach to kill most of the germs.</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/04/infographic-house-cleaning-schedule/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>The ultimate house cleaning schedule</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/03/15-clever-uses-for-apple-cider-vinegar/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>15 clever uses for apple cider vinegar</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/home-garden/2016/03/items-to-purge-from-your-bathroom/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>10 items to remove from your bathroom</strong></em></span></a></p>

Home & Garden